【正文】 中，特別是抗震設(shè)計(jì)中比較重要的特性參數(shù)，地震中幸存的建筑物直接依賴于主要結(jié)構(gòu)框架經(jīng)歷大的非彈性變形時(shí)的滯后耗能性。 延性值的能力和需求要與變延性水平、曲率延性（構(gòu)件延性）以及位移延性（結(jié)構(gòu)延性）所匹配。韌性通常表示鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在制造、安裝以及使用過程中可以承受比較大的工業(yè)變形，是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)一個(gè)很重要的特點(diǎn)。所以在天氣寒冷的地區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，首先要考慮韌性。適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)用空腹鋼鐵托架以及構(gòu)件腹板開孔，可 以為管道以及其它供電線路提供通道，不僅降低了樓層的高度，而且增加了審美吸引力。 2 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn) 當(dāng)然，每種材料都不是完美的，所以鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用和施工也存在著一定的缺點(diǎn)，其主要表現(xiàn)為以下幾個(gè)方而： 材料缺點(diǎn) 盡管鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于混凝土，但是對于一個(gè)給定的負(fù)載，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)件截面剛度則要小于與其對比的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，這主要是因?yàn)殇摰膹?qiáng)度優(yōu)勢導(dǎo)致其構(gòu)件的尺寸相對較小。 市場環(huán)境 設(shè)計(jì)力量較薄弱 在設(shè)計(jì)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要注意結(jié)構(gòu)的功能要求是不是屬于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)合理的應(yīng)用范圍。并且目前鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、價(jià)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都沒有統(tǒng)一，國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及監(jiān)管 機(jī)制方面也都有一定的欠缺，因此很多設(shè)計(jì)師以及開發(fā)商都相對比較茫然。不過隨著保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，住宅壽命問題應(yīng)該 相對容易解決。土木工程中的建筑鋼材通常采用普通的低合金鋼、優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼以及普通碳素鋼等，碳鋼的塑性比較低，但是硬度強(qiáng)度比較高。在技術(shù)條件允許時(shí)比較適合采用多軸數(shù)控鉆孔。如果因?yàn)檫\(yùn)輸?shù)脑蛟斐闪藰?gòu)件的變形，則在施工現(xiàn)場就要加以矯正。各個(gè)塔式起重機(jī)之間要有相應(yīng)的安全距離，以保證臂桿與塔身不相碰撞。如果表面腐蝕嚴(yán)重，則用鋼絲刷和鏟刀處理，大面積的銹蝕則可以用砂輪機(jī)來配合清理?？梢栽谀?zhàn)又屑尤脒m量的紅丹粉或者厚漆，從而增加其干硬性。在涂刷磷化底漆兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后就可以涂刷其它面漆或底漆。涂刷后要及時(shí)檢查避免漏刷。 pared with the concrete building, installation of steel structures and the production of quality should be more reliable and easy. Modify, steel than concrete structures easier, less costly, especially when you want to attach a support system, steel structure can speed up the construction progress. The disadvantage of steel structures Of course, each material is not perfect, so the application of steel structure and construction there are also some disadvantages, its mainly for the following parties and: 、 Material shortings Although the rigidity of the steel structure is much greater than the concrete, but for a given load, the member section stiffness of the steel structure will have to be less than its contrast to the concrete structure, which is mainly because the strength of steel advantages lead to the relatively small size of its ponents were. Therefore, to improve the stability of these ponents, it is necessary to increase the size of the steel filled with concrete and outsourcing concrete measures to improve the stiffness of the crosssection. And fireresistant and corrosion resistance of steel are relatively lacking. Steel has long been little change of the intensity of the radiant heat of 100 degrees, showing a certain degree of heat resistance, but when the temperature reaches 150 degrees, it is necessary insulation protection layer, and the important parts of the steel structure must brushing fire retardant coating. 、 Market condition 、 Design strength is weaker To pay attention to the functional requirements of the structure is not part of the steel structure is reasonable range of applications in the design of the building structure. Usually higher bearing capacity need to use steel structure is designed to continue to carry the huge deformation considered not suitable for the structural design of the limit state criteria. Steel structure has many nodes, each screw, plate and weld accurate calculation, and each professional time place, so the design of steel structures than the concrete structure design is more plex, and the drawings are far more than concrete structures. 、 Do not form a system of steel production Only in the case of largescale production can reflect the superiority of the steel structure. And steel structure production standards, price standards and quality standards are not unified, national standards and regulatory mechanisms also have a certain lack of so many designers and developers are relatively loss. issue As the production of steel structures do not form a system, so the relatively high price of steel structures. Although steel production in recent years has greatly improved, but is still relatively low per capita output, steel is still the more valuable materials in Chin