【正文】 of slots, pockets, precision and dies. Greater attention is given to dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of products by the industry these days. Moreover, surface finish influences mechanical properties such as fatigue behaviour, wear, corrosion, lubrication and electrical conductivity. Thus, measuring and characterizing surface finish can be considered for predicting machining performance. Surface finish resulting from turning operations has traditionally received considerable research attention, where as that of machining processes using cutters, requires attention by researchers. As these processes involve large number of parameters, it would be difficult to correlate surface finish with other parameters just by conducting experiments. Modeling helps to understand this kind of process better. Though some amount of work has been carried out to develop surface finish prediction models in the past, the effect of tool geometry has received little attention. However, the radial rake angle has a major affect on the power consumption apart from tangential and radial forces. It also influences chip curling and modifies chip flow direction. In addition to this, researchers [1] have also observed that the nose radius plays a significant role 2 in affecting the surface finish. Therefore the development of a good model should involve the radial rake angle and nose radius along with other relevant factors. Establishment of efficient machining parameters has been a problem that has confronted manufacturing industries for nearly a century, and is still the subject of many studies. Obtaining optimum machining parameters is of great concern in manufacturing industries, where the economy of machining operation plays a key role in the petitive market. In material removal processes, an improper selection of cutting conditions cause surfaces with high roughness and dimensional errors, and it is even possible that dynamic phenomena due to auto excited vibrations may set in [2]. In view of the significant role that the milling operation plays in today?s manufacturing world, there is a need to optimize the machining parameters for this operation. So, an effort has been made in this paper to see the influence of tool geometry (radial rake angle and nose radius) and cutting conditions (cutting speed and feed rate) on the surface finish produced during end milling of medium carbon steel. The experimental results of this work will be used to relate cutting speed, feed rate, radial rake angle and nose radius with the machining response . surface roughness by modeling. The mathematical models thus developed are further utilized to find the optimum process parameters using geic algorithms. 2 、 Review Process modeling and optimization are two important issues in manufacturing. The manufacturing processes are characterized by a multiplicity of dynamically interacting process variables. Surface finish has been an important factor of machining in predicting performance of any machining operation. In order to develop and optimize a surface roughness model, it is essential to understand the current status of work in this area. Davis et al. [3] have investigated the cutting performance of five end mills having various helix angles. Cutting tests were performed on alloy L 65 for three milling processes (face, slot and side), in which cutting force, surface roughness and concavity of a machined plane surface were measured. The central posite design was used to decide on the number of experiments to be conducted. The cutting performance of the end mills was assessed using variance analysis. The affects of spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate on the cutting force and surface roughness were studied. The investigation showed that end mills with left hand helix angles are generally less cost effective than those with right hand helix angles. There is no significant difference between up milling and down milling with regard to the cutting force, although the difference between them regarding the surface roughness was large. [4] have studied the affect of the tool rotation angle, feed rate and cutting speed on the mechanistic process parameters (pressure, friction parameter) for end milling operation with three mercially available 3 workpiece materials, 11 L 17 free machining steel, 62 353 free machining brass and 2024 using a single fluted HSS milling cutter. It has been found that pressure and friction act on the chip – tool interface decrease with the increase of feed rate and with the decrease of the flow angle, while the cutting speed has a negligible effect on some of the material dependent parameters. Process parameters are summarized into empirical equations as functions of feed rate and tool rotation angle for each work material. However, researchers have not taken into account the effects of cutting conditions and tool geometry simultaneously。在當(dāng)前的工作中，實驗性研究的進行已看到刀具幾何（徑向前角和刀尖半徑）和切削條件（切削速度和進給速度） ，對加工性能 ，和端銑中碳鋼影響效果。通過嘗試也取得了優(yōu)化表面粗糙度預(yù)測模型，采用遺傳算法（ GA ） 。此外，表面光潔度還影響到機械性能，如疲勞性能，磨損，腐蝕，潤滑和導(dǎo)電性。在這個過程中建模有助于更好的理解。此外，研究人員 [ 1 ]也指出，在不影響表面光潔度情況下，刀尖半徑發(fā)揮著重要作用。在材料去除過程中，不當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇切削條件造成的表面粗糙度高和尺寸誤差 ，它甚至可能發(fā)生動力現(xiàn)象：由于自動興奮的震動，可以設(shè)定在 [ 2 ] 。數(shù)學(xué)模型的進一步利用，尋找最佳的工藝參數(shù)，并采用遺傳算法可促進更大發(fā)展。為了開發(fā)和優(yōu)化表面粗糙度模型，有必要了解目前在這方面的工作的狀況。切削性能的立銑刀則被評定采用方差分析。 拜佑密等人 [ 4 ]研究過工具對旋轉(zhuǎn)角度，進給速度和切削速度在機械工藝參數(shù)（壓力，摩擦參數(shù)）的影響，為端銑操作常用三種商用工件材料， 11L17易切削鋼， 62353易切削黃銅和鋁 2024年使用單一槽高速鋼立銑刀。曼蘇爾和艾布達萊特基地 [ 5 ]已開發(fā)出一種表面粗糙度模式，為年底銑 EN32M（半自由切削碳硬化鋼并改進適銷性）。 艾爾艾丁等人 [ 6 ]開發(fā)出一種表面粗糙度模型，用丹參，為端銑 190BHN鋼。表明表面粗糙度及各項參數(shù)，即切削速度，飼料和切削深度之間的關(guān)系。 喬恩和賈殷 [ 8 ]用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建模和優(yōu)化加工條件。考慮到上述情況，已試圖在這方面的工作，以發(fā)展一個表面粗糙度的模型與工具幾何形狀和切削條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上的實驗結(jié)果，然后再優(yōu)化，在端銑操作中，它為選拔這些參數(shù)給定了限制。數(shù)學(xué)模型常用的是代表： 而 Y是加工回應(yīng)， ?是響應(yīng)函數(shù)和 S， f，α ， R的銑削變數(shù)和∈是錯誤，通常是發(fā)給約觀測響應(yīng) y為零的意思。參數(shù)，即本 B0中， B1， B2的， B3的， B4的，B12的， b23的， b14等 ，要估計由最小二乘法。傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)是沒有效率的時候，實際的搜索空間過大。因此，決定使用遺傳算法作為優(yōu)化技術(shù)。 ，而不是衍生工具或其他輔助知識。搜索過程模擬自然的評價生物的動物，和