【正文】
the endurance limits of the inspected elements 1 and 3 are ES 一 l=41 MPa. The variation coefficient is taken as , and the corresponding standard deviation is 6S、一 MPa. The inspected element 2 is an Ibeam pierced by holes for attaching rails to the top flange. The rather large local stresses caused by local bending also promote fatigue damage accumulation. According to tables from [4], the effective stress concentration factor is accepted as kf=, which gives an average value of the endurance limit as ES 一 l=h7 Map. Using the same variation coiffing dent th e stand arid d emit ion is 1s?? = MPa. An average SN curve, remended in [4], has the form: with the inflexion point No=5 the store of logs varies。if the monthly removal of logs from the forest exceeds the processing rate, . there is a creation of a log store, the crane expects work, being above the centre of a formed pile with the grab lowe red on the pile stack。 英文文章: Fatigue life prediction of the metalwork of a travelling gantry crane . Kopnov Abstract Intrinsic fatigue curves are applied to a fatigue life prediction problem of the metalwork of a traveling gantry crane. A crane, used in the forest industry, was studied in working conditions at a log yard, an strain measurements were made. For the calculations of the number of loading cycles, the rain flow cycle counting technique is used. The operations of a sample of such cranes were observed for a year for the average number of operation cycles to be obtained. The fatigue failure analysis has shown that failures some elements are systematic in nature and cannot be explained by random 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words: Cranes。 fives, predict their fatigue behavior, and give remendations to the manufacturers for enhancing the fives of the cranes. 2. Analysis of the crane operation For the analysis, a traveling gantry crane LT62B installed at log yard in the Yekaterinburg region was chosen. The crane serves two saw mills, creates a log store, and transfers logs to or out of road trains. A road passes along the log store. The saw mills are installed so that the reception sites are under the crane span. A schematic view of the crane is shown in Fig. 1. 13506307/99/$一 see front matter 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 1 3 5 0 一 6307(98) 00041 一 7 A series of assumptions may be made after examining the work of cranes: the store variation takes place from the side opposite to the saw mill。 the maximum stresses reach h0 MPa (gauges 8 and 9). The largest tension stresses in the diaphragms and angles of the exterior panel reach 45 MPa (causes 1 and hl. The elements of the crane bridge are subjected, in genera maximum stresses and respond weakly to skew loads. The suhand, are subjected mainly to skew , to vertical loads pports of the crane gmmg rise to on the other The loading of the metalwork of such a crane, transferring fulllength logs, differs from that of a crane used for general purposes. At first, it involves the load pliance of log packs because of progressive detachment from the base. Therefore, the loading increases rather slowly and second characteristic property is the low probability of hoisting with picking up. This is conditioned by the presence of the grab, which means that the fall of the rope from the spreader block is not permitted。對載重的循環(huán)周期進(jìn)行計算,下雨循環(huán)計數(shù)技術(shù)得到了使用。保留所有權(quán)利。引起疲勞裂紋的故障沿著起重機的橋梁焊接接頭進(jìn)行傳播,并且能夠支撐三到四年。 為了分析,在葉卡特琳堡地區(qū)的林場碼頭選中了一臺被安裝在葉卡特琳 堡地區(qū)的林場碼頭的龍門式起重機 LT62B, 這臺起重機能夠供應(yīng)兩個伐木廠建立存儲倉庫,并且能轉(zhuǎn)運木頭到鐵路的火車上,這條鐵路通過存儲倉庫。 1999年 Elsevier公司科學(xué)有限公司保留所有權(quán)利。原木不同的倉庫 。 這是解釋復(fù)雜的各種系統(tǒng)和隨機效應(yīng),對搬運施加的影響:天氣條件,道路條件和貨車車隊等,所有木材被運送到存儲倉庫的木材,在一年內(nèi)應(yīng)該被處理。將有可能為每個起重機,每一個月所負(fù)荷的載重量,建立這些數(shù)據(jù),無需特別困難的統(tǒng)計調(diào)查。參照這個調(diào)查結(jié)果,以操作時間為一個周期,作為范本,由正常變量與平均值 等,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為 。二是考慮到, (隨機變量)負(fù)荷,形成了一個流動的數(shù)據(jù)鏈: 在重建的理論中,隨機變量: n? ,有一個分布函數(shù) f( t)的,可以被理解為在失敗的連接或者要求收據(jù)時的恢復(fù)時刻。實踐中,總轉(zhuǎn)移貨物的總 噸數(shù),基本上是大于機組負(fù)荷,由于利用漸近性質(zhì)的重建過程所以式有益的。在正態(tài)分布表 3 中 。靜態(tài)應(yīng)力值分布在圖 4和 5中 。這些壓力的結(jié)果,在底部的共振的的 I梁那么壓縮應(yīng)力比最高的 1 處要大得多(值 1775和 1020兆帕斯卡),其他要素的 梁加載的值 |機械故障分析 6( 1999) 131141 月份 圖 3 95%的置信區(qū)間運作周期的平均數(shù) |機械故障分析 6( 1999) 131141 圖 4 梁的分配計劃 不超過絕對值 45 兆帕斯卡。在隔板和角度 1 的支板上,最大的拉應(yīng)力達(dá)到 45 兆帕斯卡(壓力表 1 )。首先它必須遵循起重機的裝載規(guī)則,由于逐步脫離基地。載重量應(yīng)始終保持平衡。在事實上,并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬有顯著的振蕩,并且壓力慢慢達(dá)到了最大值。梁的最大壓力增長倒最大值 12 S并且平均振蕩為 % 。制動一個負(fù)荷,當(dāng)它逐漸降低時,在金屬制品上產(chǎn)生顯著的振動應(yīng)力,可以達(dá)到靜態(tài)載荷的 7%左右。 通過起重機的工作和壓力示波圖的獲得,在測試點進(jìn)行應(yīng)變測量,在圖 6 和第 5 中排列顯示,自一臺起重機的常見工作周期的時間由足夠的散射和平均值約為 15 分鐘,常見的運行周期的時間起重機有足夠的散射與平均價值 ) |機械故障分析 6( 1999) 131141 時間( 分鐘)裝貨過程變化值 民,以減少這些示意圖均勻過濾所產(chǎn)生的這些信號,和所有 反復(fù)的形成的值,也就是說,當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)是不受到動態(tài)加載,只有靜態(tài)加載發(fā)生時,將會被拒絕。減少貨物的裝載量導(dǎo)致裝載量減少,并且建成一項基本負(fù)載周期的一半。 [ 2 ]是采取優(yōu)勢,以前面提到的疲勞的強度回線分析,為三個最弱的要素:( 1)底部角度的協(xié)調(diào)(表 11),( 2)橫梁頂端的協(xié)調(diào)(表 17),( 3)角度的支持(表 8)。而處理這一類示波圖,一個整體樣本數(shù)量的加載周期 得到了構(gòu)成的整數(shù)與最低及最高觀察值 : 24和 26。在另一方面, 泊松分布可以很好地近似正態(tài)分布平均 k? 。 5. 應(yīng)力集中的因素和元件的耐力 要素起重機的各個部件初步是由半自動氣體焊接,沒有邊緣制造設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的加工。變異系數(shù)為 ,和相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為 1s?? = .觀察的基本組成部分 2是一個 I形穿孔,由孔附加導(dǎo)軌,以頂端法蘭??赡艿闹档脑啬土O限上述重疊的范圍,載荷振幅與非零的概率,這意味著這些元素受到疲勞累積損傷 。該法所得的平均數(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差分別見表 5 。然而,這些要素失效的概率不小于 34 年和是在范圍 。 ( 2)雨流循環(huán)計數(shù)技術(shù)的計算負(fù)荷周期為一期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運作。