滑坡和巖質(zhì)邊坡的變形外文翻譯-預覽頁
【正文】 ated by the free fall of rocks or coherent masses of sediment from steep coarse debris that breaks loose from the cliff tumbles over the slope and accumulates to form talus or scree deposits at the base of the are slope failures in which a large mass of rock and debris slips downslope along a zone of weakness,usually a bedding plane or structural surface(a fault or joint).The debris removed from the slope may e to rest anywhere from a meter to a kilometer scar is left on the slope delineating the area in which the debris originated. Slumps are generated when a block of sediment breaks loose from its bed and slides downward and outward as a coherent unit along a curved faiure the failed block rotates from its original position,it produces a scarp or concave scar on the and slumping may occur suddenly in one great landslide or in a series of small displacements that take place over months or are created by the downslope movement of water saturated material being transported may remain semi coherent or may bee jumbled and soggy masses may move rapidly downslope in a few centimeters (mudflows and debris flows on alluvial fans) or at a rate of only a few centimeters or meters per hour or day for a short period (solifuction and gelifraction)。這些類型的運動，可能由地震的震動或者機械力的沖撞或顆粒受到向坡下的牽引起滑動?；率侵复髩K巖石或碎屑沿著軟弱帶，通常為巖層面或結(jié)構(gòu)面（如斷層和節(jié)理）滑動而破壞。當破壞塊體從起始位置滾動時，會在斜坡上留下陡坎和凹槽。這些保水物質(zhì)可能在幾分鐘快速滑下（如沖擊扇上的逆流和碎屑流），或在不長的時間里，每小時，每天僅僅幾厘米或幾米的速率下滑（如泥流和凍融泥流）；蠕變極其緩慢，幾乎察覺不到，由于不同機理引起的土顆粒向山坡下移動。 在邊坡體內(nèi)，如果巖石存在節(jié)理，但沒有傾向坡外的引起滑動的重大不連續(xù)，邊坡的變形和破壞是由一系列復雜的巖塊轉(zhuǎn)動，傾倒和動過程所控制。在上游水流通過長 3500米，直徑 3米的非襯砌隧道， 其下通過一條長 600米，直徑 2 米的巖石明渠。平均節(jié)理間距 。山嘴被幾條線性溝槽切割，且沿著地面等高線分布，說明這個山嘴曾經(jīng)向坡下移動過。當把 2個鋼襯這下埋置在混泥土填料的排水管上游段堵塞，滲流就停止了。另外才，在距離斜井上部有 8條被擠壓的彎曲帶。于是采用修正方法加以 彌補，即把其他因數(shù)考慮進去
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