【正文】
. It is appropriate to note the first law of concrete repair corrosion, If the repair can get in the wrong environment, it will. Conclusions (1) Corrosion of embedded reinforcement and its protection in repaired concrete structures is a very plex phenomenon. Many repair failures can 13 be attributed to the lack of plete understanding of the nature and consequences of electrochemical activities in a repair system, and therefore, to an inability to accurately predict the performance of a protective system and service life of a repaired structure. (2) There are a large number of corrosion protection treatments on the market that claim a variety of properties. Their behavior in protection against corrosion of reinforcement is not well established, and there are no reliable standard test methods to assess their likely performance. Adequate research is required to provide for evaluation of different systems. One needs to know how good the protected repair structure is, and how long it will afford that protection. In order to give confidence in the technology the science should provide the credible basis on which prognosis of performance and longevity can be made. (3) Overmagnification or poor reproduction of repair systems and exposure conditions, especially interior ones, in laboratory tests, often produce misleading results. How can one expect that the money spent on additional protection of reinforcement in repairs is not wasted, if test methods used to evaluate these protective systems neither reflect the mechanisms of corrosion in repaired structures, nor stimulate the physicochemical effects that lead to corrosion of steel in a real repaired structure? The research behind some of the currently used test methods is rather narrow. (4) Investigators of various protection methods are stating that the effectiveness of their methods is always better in good quality concrete. One can conclude that good quality new concrete and good quality repair are the best protective systems for embedded reinforcing steel from corrosion––this is basics of concrete technology. The protective measures can be taken in addition, but not as substitutes for getting the basics right. (5) The central theme of this paper revolves not around the truth or falsity of author_s views on the several issues。 Inhibitors。畢竟本杰明 可以斷定 高質(zhì)量新混凝土 和高質(zhì)量的修理是埋入鋼筋防止腐蝕的最好保護(hù)系統(tǒng) 這是混凝土技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。 (3) 過度期望或者修理系統(tǒng)的糟糕表現(xiàn)以及暴露狀況,特別在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中的內(nèi)部測試,經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生使人誤解的結(jié)果。 他們保護(hù)鋼筋防止腐蝕的行為 沒有處理好,并且沒有可靠的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測驗(yàn)方法評(píng)價(jià)他們所表現(xiàn)的性能。 : ( 1)用于被修理混凝土結(jié)構(gòu) 嵌入鋼筋的腐蝕 和它的保護(hù)是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象。不適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃脱芯吭谌魏晤I(lǐng)域都將要花大力氣來改正誤解。在修理領(lǐng)域內(nèi),我們的成功可能取決于我們解決爭論的能力。作者沒有表達(dá)明確意見,或者至少對修理結(jié)構(gòu)的保護(hù)鋼筋的 正確或錯(cuò)誤方法表示合理客觀的意見。 這篇文章的主題致力于解決若干令人 困惑的議題, 并且試圖從混凝土修理過 程中的過早腐蝕問題建立關(guān)于鋼筋保護(hù)的事實(shí),特別是提出關(guān)于防腐材料的問題。 要設(shè)計(jì)耐用修理的知識(shí)在馬瑟 [1]的著作 完全精煉說明 里已經(jīng)敘述, 但是這種使用此知識(shí)的方式是第一次。真正的過程不是以學(xué)者在倉促時(shí)間內(nèi)的工作做為基礎(chǔ)。整個(gè)區(qū)域中, 現(xiàn)在關(guān)于修理中鋼 筋的附加保護(hù)問題得到了大家的廣泛關(guān)注。但是,由于在混凝土的修補(bǔ)過程中鋼筋的嚴(yán)重腐蝕和惡劣自然環(huán)境中的修復(fù)和修復(fù)失敗,使得修補(bǔ)工業(yè)發(fā)展的如此緩慢,這或許可歸因于下列綜合因素: 混凝土修補(bǔ)是一種非常復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)。但是只有當(dāng)想法得到爭論時(shí),才可能取得進(jìn)步,并且這也是本篇文章的目的。本文圍繞修理過程中鋼的腐蝕的基本過程,闡明了與電化學(xué)性質(zhì)相反的原理,講述了這些過程怎樣導(dǎo)致合成修理系統(tǒng)的最 后失敗的道理。一種用于修理結(jié)構(gòu)的 ,對導(dǎo)致過早腐蝕過程的基本理解仍然沒有涉及混凝土的修理單元。被修理混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的保持性能的長久表現(xiàn)則最大限度的取決于它們的設(shè)計(jì),建設(shè),維護(hù)和使用。一種對新的和需要修理的混凝土之間的電化學(xué)差別的更廣泛理解認(rèn)為對修理的結(jié)構(gòu)使用有效的鋼筋保護(hù)是必要的。很多混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)耐久性差的性能正引起結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生裂縫 .而在補(bǔ)救工作的支出,則使物主和社會(huì)所不能承擔(dān),并且他們也不希望看到悲劇重演。 所有簽名必須手寫,不得打印。 A4 紙打印。 外文翻譯譯文內(nèi)容應(yīng)與學(xué) 生的專業(yè)或畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)內(nèi)容相關(guān),不得少于15000 印刷符號(hào)。 年月日等的填寫,用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫 , 要符合 《關(guān)于出版物上數(shù)字用法的試行規(guī)定》 , 如“ 2021 年 2 月 26 日”。惡劣的環(huán)境與低質(zhì)量的混凝土加上有或無缺陷的設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)慣例,這都使結(jié)構(gòu)惡化的過程變得具有交互性,累積得非常迅速,進(jìn)而形成一種惡性的發(fā)展,而且很難被停止。隨著盲目的對需要修理的混凝土使用那些適用于新建筑的保護(hù)方法,文章斷定: 修復(fù)混凝土 的生意將會(huì)越來越好。同時(shí),必須承認(rèn)的是 ,很多被修理的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)在幾年后,一修再修。它是如此重要,對當(dāng)今的混凝土修復(fù),我們要迫切檢查腐蝕和腐蝕保護(hù)措施的發(fā)行, 且探索在不久的將來它有可能改進(jìn)的地方, 即:如何使現(xiàn)在的修理能耐用到 3 將來。 在混凝土修復(fù)過程中的鋼筋腐蝕和保護(hù)的范圍內(nèi),這篇文章提出了一些隨機(jī)想法。當(dāng)然,在這篇文章里,有一些想法可能會(huì)引起其它人同意或者不同意的意見。 研究已經(jīng)實(shí)質(zhì)上改進(jìn)了我們對水泥材料的認(rèn)識(shí), 碳酸飽和引起腐蝕式的混凝土消耗,氯化物引起腐蝕的理論:硫酸鹽侵蝕,堿類聚合反應(yīng),嚴(yán)寒等等。 在復(fù)雜的修理環(huán)境中,鈍化的裝置和鋼鐵的腐蝕不被人了解。 得到支持的行業(yè)和政府代表展現(xiàn)了對于解決問題的決心。這使得在工地上許多工人忽略了混凝土技術(shù)的基本要素和其他基本水泥材料。 惡化混凝土的去除和它的修理材料的替代品 ,即使與最好的一種一起 替換 ,也可能由于宏單元的形成而加速鋼筋腐蝕。 4 為修理結(jié)構(gòu)中鋼筋的附加保護(hù),而批評(píng)已存在的方法和材料 ,或者徹底討論一個(gè)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)或者過失 不是本論文的意圖 。 由于鋼筋鋼過早的腐蝕而產(chǎn)生修理失敗的結(jié)果和可能性,不一定是一種單個(gè)的過分簡化的解決辦法,這可能適合于新近建造的結(jié)構(gòu)。在 這個(gè)領(lǐng)域,由于缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃?,目前許多專業(yè)詞語被錯(cuò)誤定義?;蛟S,我們將從誤解中來剝離真正的理解。 (2) 在聲稱多種特性的市場上有許多腐蝕保護(hù)處理方法。為了給 技術(shù)人員 建立自信,科學(xué)家應(yīng)該為 預(yù)知措施 和預(yù)測的壽命 提供可信的基點(diǎn) 。 (4) 各種不同的保護(hù)方法的調(diào)查員都在說他們方法的效 力總是比在高質(zhì)量混凝土中還好。它的意思是提出的問題不是無法解釋的秘密,只是我們?nèi)匀辉谔剿骼锏囊粋€(gè)證明,簡稱研究階段。 Durability。 any field where education and research are inadequate is going to have great trouble getting rid of the prevailing misconceptions. The author realizes that some statements will not be shared by many since it hits at the crux of the controversy. But in this case, much more than a hair, perhaps, divides concepts from misconcepts. 2. A glimpse of corrosion problem According to published data, steel reinforcement in concrete and in concretelike materials is, in general, well protected from corrosion by the alkaline nature of the cementitious matrix surrounding it. In general, this is true, it is protected, and it is not supposed to corrode. But such concrete in general may only exist as labcrete, in a small specimen. In the real world, reinforcing and prestressing steels are subject to corrosion due to carbonation and chloride ion attack. Steel reinforcement in concrete does not corrode because the surface of the steel in the alkaline environment is passivated。 1997. 201 pp. [4] Emmons PH, Vaysburd AM. Protection of reinforcement in concrete repair: myth and reality. Concr Int 1997。423:27. [8] Gaig RJ, Wood LE. of Corrosion Inhibitors and their on the physical properties of Portland cement mortars. Highway Research Record 197