【正文】 ......................................................................................................... 6 硫的性質(zhì) ......................................................................................................................... 6 硫的移動理論 ................................................................................................................. 7 硫沉積的動力學(xué)原理 ..................................................................................................... 7 硫沉積的熱力學(xué)原理 ..................................................................................................... 9 硫析出條件分析 ........................................................................................................... 12 硫析出后的存在形式 ................................................................................................... 12 硫沉積對孔隙的影響 ...................................................................................................... 14 對滲透率的影響 ........................................................................................................... 14 對孔隙度的影響 ........................................................................................................... 15 第 3 章 硫沉積的數(shù)學(xué)預(yù)測模型的建立 ................................................................................... 17 硫的溶解度預(yù)測 .............................................................................................................. 17 硫沉積的數(shù)學(xué)預(yù)測模型的建立 ...................................................................................... 19 達(dá)西滲流時硫沉積預(yù)測模型的建立 ........................................................................... 20 非達(dá)西滲流時硫沉積預(yù)測模型的建立 ....................................................................... 24 硫沉積對氣井產(chǎn)能的影響 .............................................................................................. 26 硫沉積預(yù)測分析 .............................................................................................................. 26 達(dá)西滲流時硫沉積預(yù)測分析 ....................................................................................... 26 非達(dá)西滲流時硫沉積預(yù)測分析 ................................................................................... 29 第 4 章 含硫氣藏不穩(wěn)定試井解釋的理論方法 ....................................................................... 32 均質(zhì)氣藏不穩(wěn)定試井解釋模型 ...................................................................................... 32 地質(zhì)模型及假設(shè)條件 ................................................................................................... 32 均質(zhì)地層數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立及其解 ............................................................................... 32 典型曲線繪制及特征分析 ........................................................................................... 36 II 試井解釋方法 ............................................................................................................... 38 復(fù)合地層不穩(wěn)定試井解釋模型 ...................................................................................... 40 地質(zhì)模型及假設(shè)條件 ................................................................................................... 40 數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立 ........................................................................................................... 41 數(shù)學(xué)模型的求解 ........................................................................................................... 43 典型曲線繪制及特征分析 ........................................................................................... 51 試井解釋方法 ............................................................................................................... 57 第 5 章 結(jié)論與建議 ................................................................................................................... 59 結(jié)論 .................................................................................................................................. 59 建議 .................................................................................................................................. 59 致謝 ............................................................................................................................................... 61 參考文獻(xiàn) ....................................................................................................................................... 62 攻讀碩士學(xué)位期間發(fā)表的論文及科研成果 ............................................................................... 65 西南石油大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 1 第 1 章 緒 論 研究目的及意義 含硫氣藏指的是產(chǎn)出氣體中含有較多的 H2S、 H2SX+硫醚以及硫醇等含硫物質(zhì)的氣藏。 主要研究成果： （ 1）在研究硫單質(zhì)的溶解、析出、運移和沉積機理的基礎(chǔ)上，根 據(jù)空氣動力學(xué)中氣固流動理論，建立了描述硫微粒運移的動力學(xué)模型和攜帶微粒臨界氣流速度模型。 摘 要 隨著石油天然氣工業(yè)的日益發(fā)展， 在天然氣的 開采過程中不斷遇到 含硫氣藏，對于此類氣藏的開發(fā)，硫沉積成為一個急需解決的關(guān)鍵難題， 因此，加大對硫沉積的研究顯得十分迫切，且意義重大。 本文在大量文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)之上，從研究硫的析出、運移及沉積機理入手，建立了硫沉積預(yù)測模型以及試井分析模型，并針對硫沉積提出了相 應(yīng) 的試井解釋方法。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 含硫氣藏 滲流 硫沉積預(yù) 測模型 典型曲線 試井分析 Abstract With the increasing development of petroleum and gas industry, sour gas reservoirs have been discovered in the oil and gas exploitation. For the development of this kind of reservoir, the key challenge lies in the solution to sulfur deposition. This paper, on basis of a large amount of literature survey, proceeding from flow characteristic of sour gas reservoir as well as mechanism about release, migration and deposition of sulfur, establishes a relatively plete prediction model for sulfur deposition and well test model, proposes corresponding methods for explaining the well test result. The sulfur deposition is an extremely plex course. When solubility of element sulfur which is in sulfur gases reach condensation, the element sulfur precipitated as the temperature and pression decreases. If current temperature higher than the freezing point of element sulfur, the liquid element sulfur will be carried from stratigraphic by gases. It doesn39。 H2S 的劇毒、強腐蝕以 及硫沉積是此類氣藏開發(fā)存在的三個主要難題。含硫氣藏的天然氣儲量占四川地區(qū) 總儲量的 68%[2]。硫的沉積是一個極其復(fù)雜的過程：當(dāng)含硫氣體中的元素硫溶解度達(dá)到飽和后，隨著溫度和壓力的逐漸降低，元素硫會從氣體中析出，如果當(dāng)前溫度高于元素硫的凝固點