【正文】 to be shy, but this year I’m determined to bee active and make some friends to share my happiness and sadness/joys and ：used to do（過去常常做某事）, be determined to do（下定決心做某事）, make friends（交朋友）和happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows（快樂和悲傷）。下面通過具體實(shí)例，進(jìn)一步體會以下意譯的妙處。(without)（2000年上海高考）全句譯為：As we all know, success es from hard work。首先要理解這兩個詞組的意義，“引人入勝”的意義實(shí)際上是“非常地吸引人”，要局門路趙維用到“attractive”這個詞。例1 許多外國游客都想要去長城一游，他們知道不到長城非好漢。這里的“好漢”指的是頂天立地的男子漢，因此翻譯成“a true man”最為妥當(dāng)。因此要在這一類俗語翻譯中取得高分，則一定要靠平時多積累。Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用）Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區(qū)別：1)謂語動詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語。（do 用原形）非謂語動詞的特征：如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。s too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）非謂語動詞仍有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。s my pleasure to help ，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。s necessary to find the 。 ：What I should do is to finish the task 。：We went to the hospital to see our 。s unfair not to tell 。t know when to 。s necessary for us to help each 。There are much work to be 。s no use waiting here, let39。We considered not doing it 。能跟動名詞的動詞有：avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can39。I like promised to help love watching )remember, forget, regret后面跟動名詞時，動名詞表示過去的動作，后面跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作。s stop to have a 。而過去分詞的形式則在動詞后面加 ，狀語或表語。分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動名詞。I have my hair 。not + 分詞Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to ，她停下來等著。Seeing the teacher is ing, the students stopped ，學(xué)生們停下來不玩了。Having had my supper, I went out for a ，我出去散步了。分詞的被動形式 分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關(guān)系。分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發(fā)生。t dare to go to 。（別人修理的）They have their house 。（分詞）a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動名詞）Being a student, he likes to help a new pair of glasses, she can read is there waiting for by the teacher, she knew she was The story is are interested in glass is water is 可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。s an interesting girl singing for us is ten years ，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。reading text 閱讀課文 〔動名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國家 〔分詞〕a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕●分 詞分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。Stop smoking, 。能跟不定式的動詞有：decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。）His being looked down upon made him can39。s very difficult climbing this )動名詞作表語The nurse39。1)動名詞作主語：Talking like that is not from others is on more clothes is not so good.（注：動名詞可以象動詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動名詞寫在后面。動詞不定式的被動形式： 表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關(guān)系。注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。Where to go is not known 。動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動詞原形The teacher told us not to swim in that 。：There are many ways to solve the 。We expect you to be with 。s very kind of you to have given us much 。Our ing made him happy.（ing 起名詞作用）There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)非謂語動詞的形式變化：不定式主動被動一般to writeto be written進(jìn)行to be writing完成to have writtento have been written完成進(jìn)行to have been writing現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動被動一般writingbeing written完成having writtenhaving been written過去分詞主動被動一般written動名詞主動被動一般writing being written完成having writtenhaving been written●動 詞 不 定 式：動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。（teaches 動詞作謂語） came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。第五篇：非謂語動詞初中英語分類練習(xí)——非謂語動詞非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。例2 他們應(yīng)該從這件事情中吸取教訓(xùn)：玩火者必自焚。沒有去過長城的人并不意味著不是“好人”。”由于英語和漢語是兩種不同的語言，在結(jié)構(gòu)上有很大的差異