【正文】 是處處可見。葡萄糖由人體的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)被源源不斷的輸送到人體各處?，F(xiàn)在，在一個葡萄糖分子中的24個可用電子中只有2個可以利用，但是對這項技術(shù)的后續(xù)完善應(yīng)該會使得可以利用的電子數(shù)量有所增加。這里有個欠缺點：被稱做生物污垢的過程，即被移植進(jìn)人體的外來物會嵌入蛋白質(zhì)和組織中。Rahul Sarpeshkar, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has asolution to both these a paper published on June 12th in Public Library ofScience, Dr Sarpeshkar and his colleagues describe building a glucose fuel cell which uses aplatinum。同樣使人擔(dān)憂的是酶，這種物質(zhì)隨著時間的推移會被分解。放入了一個一便士大小的能量池，這些甲蟲在2周實驗期內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了20微瓦。One approach, which has been employed by Sameer Singhal, a researcher at the CFDResearch Corporation in Alabama, involves the same enzymes that break down glucosewithin a living carbon nanotubes, he and his colleagues immobilised two differentenzymes on the electrodes of a fuel cell, where they generated electricity by freeingelectrons from present, only two of the 24 available electrons in a single glucosemolecule can be harnessed, but refinements to the technology should boost that Research Corporation的研究人員Sameer Singhal所使用的方法涉及利用酶將活細(xì)胞中的葡萄糖分解。Power in the blood血液中的能量。例如，處于昏迷的患者產(chǎn)生的人體動能很少。比如，很久以前人體動能就用來為手表提供能量，這種動能也足夠維持起搏器的運轉(zhuǎn)。這么長的使用時間顯得綽綽有余：醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展的速度意味著等到設(shè)備的電量用光就到了用一個更先進(jìn)的型號來替換整個設(shè)備的時候。嘗試了各種化學(xué)電池以及感應(yīng)充電計劃，甚至是將放射衰變的熱能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的钚電源單元格。但埃利斯博士的結(jié)果打下了一個基礎(chǔ)，或許可以在此之上為乳腺癌——甚至其他種類的癌癥——的治療建立有效的預(yù)測方法。This sort of information has obvious implications for the cheapness ofmodern genesequencing methods, particularly those that are looking for specific mutationssuspected in advance, means that a tumour s mutational plement can be worked outeasily in an appropriately equipped pathology the case of oestrogenreceptorpositive breast cancer, the genetic analysis has not yet gone so far as to be able to say withcertainty which drug will produce the best result for a given individual, but Dr Ellis s resultlays a foundation on which such an edifice might be built for breast cancer and perhaps forother types of tumour, 。但也有些令人吃驚的其他結(jié)果。埃利斯博士希望找出其原因。此后，為找出癌細(xì)胞中哪些基因發(fā)生了突變，他們比較了每個病人的健康和癌變基因組。而這正是在圣路易斯市的華盛頓大學(xué)工作的馬修?埃利斯及其同事們?yōu)轭净既橄侔┑膵D女們所作的工作。第四篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選可銳教育官網(wǎng)2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選（五）Gene therapy基因療法Genetic mutations predict which cancers willrespond to treatment基因突變將預(yù)測某種治療會對哪些癌癥起作用THE International Cancer Genome Consortium, analliance of laboratories that is trying to produce adefinitive list of the genetic mutations that causecancer, is accumulating data at an astonishing 3,000 individual breast tumours,for example, have now had their genotypes these data will not, bythemselves, help that, they have to be collected in the context of a drug this is just what Matthew Ellis and his colleagues at Washington University in St Louishave done for women suffering from breast methods, if they prove to work forother cancers too, may revolutionise ，它積累數(shù)據(jù)的速度讓人吃驚。Medco argues that Pfizer s scheme will save money for all parties, and ensure a steadysupply of the ，輝瑞的項目是為各方省錢，并保證穩(wěn)定供貨?？射J教育官網(wǎng)This strategy has precedent, says David Risinger of Morgan Stanley, but the scale andstructure of Pfizer s scheme is Risinger認(rèn)為，這項策略雖有先例，但就規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)而言絕對不能與輝瑞的計劃相比。However, Pfizer is exploiting a loophole in the 1984 law, which lets it appoint a second,authorised copycat—in this case, Watson, another American ，輝瑞鉆了這個法案的空子，它讓第二家授權(quán)仿制藥企業(yè)——華生制藥公司來仿制。In the year to October the FTC identified what it believes to be 28 such ，F(xiàn)TC就發(fā)現(xiàn)了28起類似事件。Ranbaxy, a Japaneseowned drugmaker, struggled to get regulators approval for itsgeneric version of Lipitor, and only won it on the day the patent ，獲得了立普妥非專利藥的生產(chǎn)許可，但該許可要到專利失效那天才生效。What is supposed to happen now is that lots of copycat firms rush in with generic versions of Lipitor at perhaps onefifth of its 很多仿制藥公司現(xiàn)在大概正忙著推出與立普妥的非專利藥，價格僅為立普妥的1/5。Mr Zuckerberg s latest mea culpa is unlikely to be his 。In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Googleaccept regular external audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers ，在這兩家公司分別被指控觸犯用戶隱私后，F(xiàn)TC也堅持要求兩家公司接受定期的外部審核，The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo,but one that still gives social networks plenty of room to ?？射J教育官網(wǎng)The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police 。But the regulator s findings are deeply embarrassing for the pany ，協(xié)調(diào)員的調(diào)查結(jié)果已經(jīng)讓這個公司陷入極為尷尬的境地?？射J教育官網(wǎng)Hence its willingness to negotiate the settlement unveiled this week, which should befinalised at the end of December after a period for public ，商談結(jié)果將在十二月底最終敲定。而這份方案似乎是這個計劃中的一部分，這也是它受到廣泛關(guān)注的另一個原因。第三篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選可銳教育官網(wǎng)2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選（三）Facebook and privacy Sorry, friends臉譜和用戶隱私 對不起，朋友The giant social network is castigated for serious privacy failings社交網(wǎng)巨頭因嚴(yán)重隱私缺陷而遭受公眾譴責(zé)FACEBOOK has been playing with fire and has got its fingers burned, ，這次它又燒傷了自己的指頭。Even if Qnexa is approved, it is unclear that patients will buy ，患者會不會買賬仍不明了?？射J教育官網(wǎng)That drug, Roche s Xenical, has notorious gastrointestinal ，該藥會引發(fā)胃腸功能的副作用。He is now trying to convince insurers of LapBand s merits, arguing that the $20,000surgery is recouped in saved medical costs within four ，他認(rèn)為兩萬美元手術(shù)費可以在四年之內(nèi)通過減少醫(yī)療支出收回。The recession has sapped consumers desire for expensive 。醫(yī)院就是從這些減肥療程中賺錢，包括胃繞道手術(shù)，但是胃部束帶卻是一個罕見的例子，被當(dāng)成一個器械制造商用來從減肥中賺錢的法子。However, they are dismal at helping consumers lose ，減少體重。給美國食品藥物管理局做咨詢的一家委員會推薦，Vivus公司的減肥藥Qnexa。More than twothirds of Americans are 。Alas, only 4% of employees ，只有4%的員工同意此說。At blindobedience firms, fewer than one in five ，持這種想法的人少于五分之一。Nearly half of those in blindobedience panies said they had observed 可銳教育官網(wǎng)unethicalbehaviour in the previous year, pared with around a quarter in the other sorts of ，幾乎有過半數(shù)員工都稱在前一年目睹過有違職業(yè)道德的行為，而在其他類型的企業(yè)中只有四分之一的員工有此經(jīng)歷。It found that 43% of those surveyed described their pany s culture as based onmandandcontrol, topdown management or leadership by coercion—what MrSeidman calls blind ，有43%的調(diào)查對象對其公司的文化有以下描述：以命令和指揮為基礎(chǔ)、自上而下的管理模式或強制式的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)——塞德曼先生稱之為 盲目服從型。Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of human energy , though presumably itdoes not r