【正文】 癌癥——的治療建立有效的預(yù)測方法。但也有些令人吃驚的其他結(jié)果。此后，為找出癌細(xì)胞中哪些基因發(fā)生了突變，他們比較了每個病人的健康和癌變基因組。第四篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選可銳教育官網(wǎng)2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選（五）Gene therapy基因療法Genetic mutations predict which cancers willrespond to treatment基因突變將預(yù)測某種治療會對哪些癌癥起作用THE International Cancer Genome Consortium, analliance of laboratories that is trying to produce adefinitive list of the genetic mutations that causecancer, is accumulating data at an astonishing 3,000 individual breast tumours,for example, have now had their genotypes these data will not, bythemselves, help that, they have to be collected in the context of a drug this is just what Matthew Ellis and his colleagues at Washington University in St Louishave done for women suffering from breast methods, if they prove to work forother cancers too, may revolutionise ，它積累數(shù)據(jù)的速度讓人吃驚?？射J教育官網(wǎng)This strategy has precedent, says David Risinger of Morgan Stanley, but the scale andstructure of Pfizer s scheme is Risinger認(rèn)為，這項策略雖有先例，但就規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)而言絕對不能與輝瑞的計劃相比。In the year to October the FTC identified what it believes to be 28 such ，F(xiàn)TC就發(fā)現(xiàn)了28起類似事件。What is supposed to happen now is that lots of copycat firms rush in with generic versions of Lipitor at perhaps onefifth of its 很多仿制藥公司現(xiàn)在大概正忙著推出與立普妥的非專利藥，價格僅為立普妥的1/5。In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Googleaccept regular external audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers ，在這兩家公司分別被指控觸犯用戶隱私后，F(xiàn)TC也堅持要求兩家公司接受定期的外部審核，The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo,but one that still gives social networks plenty of room to 。But the regulator s findings are deeply embarrassing for the pany ，協(xié)調(diào)員的調(diào)查結(jié)果已經(jīng)讓這個公司陷入極為尷尬的境地。而這份方案似乎是這個計劃中的一部分，這也是它受到廣泛關(guān)注的另一個原因。Even if Qnexa is approved, it is unclear that patients will buy ，患者會不會買賬仍不明了。He is now trying to convince insurers of LapBand s merits, arguing that the $20,000surgery is recouped in saved medical costs within four ，他認(rèn)為兩萬美元手術(shù)費可以在四年之內(nèi)通過減少醫(yī)療支出收回。醫(yī)院就是從這些減肥療程中賺錢，包括胃繞道手術(shù)，但是胃部束帶卻是一個罕見的例子，被當(dāng)成一個器械制造商用來從減肥中賺錢的法子。給美國食品藥物管理局做咨詢的一家委員會推薦，Vivus公司的減肥藥Qnexa。Alas, only 4% of employees ，只有4%的員工同意此說。Nearly half of those in blindobedience panies said they had observed 可銳教育官網(wǎng)unethicalbehaviour in the previous year, pared with around a quarter in the other sorts of ，幾乎有過半數(shù)員工都稱在前一年目睹過有違職業(yè)道德的行為，而在其他類型的企業(yè)中只有四分之一的員工有此經(jīng)歷。Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of human energy , though presumably itdoes not really want you to travel by ‘人類體能 的供應(yīng)商 的字樣，盡管它大概并非真的希望你用人力車代步。AS WALMART grew into the world s largest retailer, its staff were subjected to a long list ofdos and don ts covering every aspect of their ，其員工在工作的各方各面都受到了一大堆規(guī)則的限制。Commissioned by Dov Seidman, boss of LRN, a firm that advises on corporate culture, andauthor of How ，LRN的老板、同時也是《怎么做到的?》a book arguing that the way firms do business matters as much as what they do, andconducted by the Boston Research Group, the National Governance, Culture and LeadershipAssessment is based on a survey of thousands of American employees, from every rung ofthe corporate ?塞德曼委托波士頓研究集團(tuán)進(jìn)行這項 國家治理、文化和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力評估 的研究，該研究是以對來自公司各個級別的數(shù)千位美國雇員的調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ)的。More than 90% of employees in selfgoverning firms, and twothirds in the informedacquiescence category, agreed that good ideas are readily adopted by my %的員工承認(rèn) 絕妙的想法很容易會被公司采納，選擇性順從型公司中也有三分之二的員工這樣認(rèn)為。二．A big, bad business點肥成金不現(xiàn)實Medical firms struggle to profit from weightloss treatments制藥公司試圖從減肥治療中獲利OBESITY is an epidemic to some and an opportunity to ，對別的一些人來說則是機(jī)遇。Pharmaceutical and medicaldevice panies are quite good at treating the conditions thate with 。Allergan has captured about 70% of the worldwide market for gastric bands and balloons, 可銳教育官網(wǎng)butsales are now %，但是如今銷量卻有所下降。It has been 13 years since the FDA approved a prescription diet 。For now, it is more profitable to treat fat patients than to try to make them ，治療肥胖患者還是要比讓他們減肥更有利可圖。To clear the way for its blockbuster flotation, the firm first needs to resolve its privacytussles with regulators in America and ，臉譜網(wǎng)必須首先解決與美國和歐洲協(xié)調(diào)員關(guān)于用戶隱私的爭端，因此這周它公開了商談意向。Then he confessed that it could still do better and said he had hired two new chief ，他承認(rèn)確實有一些地方需要改進(jìn)，并說明他已經(jīng)雇用了兩名新的 首席隱私官?？射J教育官網(wǎng)But outrage over Facebook s behaviour could spur Congress into action it willcertainly not be lost on regulators in Europe who are scrutinising the social network sprivacy record ，而正在審閱該社交網(wǎng)隱私記錄的歐洲協(xié)調(diào)員們也必然會給予這些不滿的呼聲以相應(yīng)的重視。But generics makers may face delays getting their cheaper versions to ，非專利制藥企業(yè)卻發(fā)現(xiàn)仿制藥上市一拖再拖。To encourage generics makers to challenge patents on drugs, and introduce cheapercopies，為了鼓勵非專利制藥企業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)藥品專利、生產(chǎn)價錢更低的仿制藥，an American law passed in 1984 says that the first one to do so will get a 180day exclusivityperiod，美國于1984年通過一項法案，其中提到 第一個挑戰(zhàn)成功的仿制藥企能獲得180天市場獨占期，in which no other generics maker can sell versions of the drug in question, as Ranbaxysupposedly won with ，就像蘭伯西獲得立普妥仿制藥的生產(chǎn)權(quán)一樣。All this may raise Pfizer s sales by nearly $500m in the first half of 2012 pared with whatthey would otherwise have been, says Tim Anderson of BernsteinResearch, with revenuesthen falling after the 180 days are Anderson認(rèn)為，所有這些舉措將使得輝瑞2012年上半年的銷售額比不采取措施時增加近5億美元，總收入在180天市場獨占期后會下降。要醫(yī)治病人，人們必須結(jié)合藥物試驗采集數(shù)據(jù)。這些試驗證實來曲唑是這類乳腺癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方法，但它對每個病人的療效并不一樣。與此相反，這一藥物對腫瘤中MAP3K1或MAP2K4有變化的病人的療效高于平均水平。自從1958年第一個永久起搏器被植入后，可植入醫(yī)療設(shè)備的制造商就在不斷嘗試為其產(chǎn)品提供電能的各種方法。Many other ideas have been tried down the kinetic energy of the human body, forexample, has long been harnessed to power watches, and should also be enough to keep apacemaker differences between the body and the ambient air meanthat thermoelectric couples can generate useful quantities of properly tuned devicecould capture background radiofrequency energy and rectify it into small amounts ofusable 。這些問題對于維持生命的可移植醫(yī)療設(shè)備來說都是十分嚴(yán)重的缺陷。Dr Singhal has implanted prototype devices into live with a fuel cell about thesize of a penny, the bionic bugs were able to generate over 20 microwatts during a twoweek