【正文】 機(jī)組臺(tái)數(shù)多少直接影響單機(jī)容量的大小，單機(jī)容量不同時(shí)，機(jī)組的單位千瓦造價(jià)不同，一般情況下，小機(jī)組的單位千瓦造價(jià)高于大機(jī)組。桂樹(shù)林水電站的最大水頭mH ? ，根據(jù)最大水頭，查中小型軸流式混流式水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪系列型譜，可得選水輪機(jī)模型轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào)為： HL260/A244。 ④轉(zhuǎn)輪選擇比較時(shí)，應(yīng)盡可能選用 sn 較高的水輪機(jī)，這樣轉(zhuǎn)速較高，相應(yīng)的 機(jī)組尺寸就小，并且使所選的水輪機(jī)經(jīng)常在最優(yōu)區(qū)運(yùn)行。水輪機(jī)選型設(shè)計(jì)的一般原則如下： ①所選水輪機(jī)要具有較高的能量特性。 水輪機(jī)選型的任務(wù) 水輪機(jī)選型的主要任務(wù)如下： (1)確 定電站裝機(jī)臺(tái)數(shù)及單機(jī)功率 (2)選擇機(jī)組類(lèi)型及模型轉(zhuǎn)輪型號(hào) (3)確定機(jī)組的裝置方式 (4)確定轉(zhuǎn)輪直徑、額定轉(zhuǎn)速、飛逸轉(zhuǎn)速 (5)計(jì)算所有運(yùn)行水頭和功率下水輪機(jī)的效率和吸出高度值，繪制水輪機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)綜合特性曲線。它主要是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)和技能去分析和解決本專(zhuān)業(yè)范圍內(nèi)的工程技術(shù)問(wèn)題，建立正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想，掌握水輪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序和方法，使學(xué)生在進(jìn)行了工程實(shí)踐能力的綜合訓(xùn)練后，在今后的工作崗位上具有應(yīng)用專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)解 決工程實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。 關(guān)鍵詞： 水輪機(jī)；選型設(shè)計(jì)；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；水力設(shè)計(jì) Abstract The main process of this graduation project is based on the hydraulic parameter and specific request of the GuiShuLin hydropower station, selects the hydraulic turbine type and the model(HL260/A244LJ190). As to turbine type selection design, firstly, preliminary model runner types were selected through analysing original information offered by the plant .Then to determine the optimum solution among the roughly chosen after weighing up the pros and cons of the different schemes in terms of the efficiency, intensity, stability, economic elements etc prehensively. After meeting the request of the type selection design, designer goes on guide mechanism motion diagram and the structure hydraulic turbine design, including the hydraulic design of the casing and design of the draft tube, then draws their hydraulic line chart, the hydraulic turbine’s gross sectional drawing and the guide blade’s part drawing. Key words: hydraulic turbine； type selection design； structure design； hydraulic design 1 前言 水輪機(jī)是水電站的重要設(shè)備之一，它是靠自然界水能進(jìn)行工作的動(dòng)力機(jī)械與其他動(dòng)力機(jī)械相比，它具有效率高、成本低、環(huán)境衛(wèi)生等顯著特點(diǎn)。. . 目 錄 1 西華大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 摘 要 .......................................................................................... 4 1 前言 5 2 桂樹(shù)林水電站的水輪機(jī)選型設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................... 6 水輪機(jī) 選型的任務(wù) ............................................................................ 6 水輪機(jī)選型的原則 ............................................................................ 6 水輪機(jī)選型的條件及主要參數(shù) .......................................................... 7 水輪機(jī)機(jī)型及模型轉(zhuǎn)輪的選擇 ........................................................ 7 機(jī)組臺(tái)數(shù)的選擇 ............................................................................... 8 初選設(shè)計(jì)工況點(diǎn) ............................................................................... 9 轉(zhuǎn)輪直徑 的確定 ............................................................................. 10 確定額定轉(zhuǎn)速 ................................................................................. 11 效率及單位參數(shù)的修正 .................................................................. 11 校核所選擇的真機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪直徑 ........................................................ 13 確定水輪機(jī)導(dǎo)葉的最大開(kāi)度 ........................................................ 18 計(jì)算水輪機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)流量 ................................................................ 18 確定水輪機(jī)的允許吸出高度 ........................................................ 19 確定水輪機(jī)的安裝高程 ................................................................ 25 計(jì)算水輪機(jī)的飛逸轉(zhuǎn)速 .................................................................. 26 計(jì)算軸向水推力 ............................................................................. 26 估算水輪機(jī)的質(zhì)量 .......................................................................... 27 3 水輪機(jī)導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)圖的繪制 ............................................................ 28 2 西華大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)的基本類(lèi)型 ......................................................................... 28 導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)的作用 ............................................................................... 28 導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求 ........................................................ 28 導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)圖繪制的目的 ............................................................ 29 導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)圖的繪制步驟 ............................................................ 30 4 水輪機(jī)金屬蝸殼水力設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................... 34 蝸殼類(lèi)型的選擇 ............................................................................... 34 金屬蝸殼的水力設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ................................................................ 34 5 尾水管單線圖的繪制 .......................................................................... 40 尾水管概述 ....................................................................................... 40 尾水管的基本類(lèi)型 ............................................................................ 41 彎肘形尾水管中的水流運(yùn)動(dòng) ............................................................ 41 6 混流式水輪機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 42 概述 ................................................................................................... 42 水輪機(jī)主軸的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................ 42 水輪機(jī)金屬蝸殼的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 44 水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 45 導(dǎo)水機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 48 水輪機(jī)導(dǎo)軸承結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 51 水輪機(jī)的輔助裝置 ............................................................................ 54 3 西華大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 7 結(jié)論 ...............................................................................................................57 總結(jié)與體會(huì) .............................................................................................. 56 謝 辭 ...................................................................................................... 57 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) .....................................................................