【正文】 hat the customer may be an internal customer as well as the ultimate end user. State clearly if the failure mode could impact safety or nonpliance to regulations. The effects should always be stated in terms of the specific system, subsystem, or ponent being analyzed. Remember that a hierarchical relationship exists between the ponent, subsystem, and system levels. 例如：一個(gè)零件的斷裂可能引起總成的震動(dòng)，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的中斷，這種狀況會(huì)引起性能的下降 ,可能造成於組合過(guò)程的震動(dòng)，最終導(dǎo)致客戶的不滿。 Typical failure modes could be but are not limited to: Cracked, Deformed, Loosened, Leaking, Sticking, Oxidized, Fractured, Does not transmit, Slips(does not hold full torque), No support(structural), Inadequate support(structural), Harsh engagement, Disengages too fast, Inadequate signal, intermittent, No signal, EMC/RFI, Drift. 註：潛在失效模式應(yīng)以「物理性」或技術(shù)用語(yǔ)來(lái)描述，而非以顧客所看 的現(xiàn)象來(lái)描述。建議將以往 TGW(錯(cuò)誤的案例 )的研究，問(wèn)題報(bào)告以及小組的“腦力激盪”的檢討作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。如果項(xiàng)目包含一個(gè)以上更不同潛在失效模式功能時(shí)，則必頇列出所更個(gè)別功能 . Enter, as concisely as possible, the function of the item being analyzed to meet the design intent. Include information (metrics/measurables) regarding the environment in which this system operates (., define temperature, pressure, humidity ranges, design life). If the item has more than one function with different potential modes of failure, list all the functions separately. 設(shè)計(jì) F M E A 填寫說(shuō)明 10. 潛在失效模式 (Potential Failure Mode): 所謂潛在失效模式是指零件、子系統(tǒng)或系統(tǒng)更可能未達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)意圖的形式。利用工程圖面上標(biāo)明的名稱並顯示的設(shè)計(jì)等級(jí)。 Model Year(s)/Program(s): Enter the intended model year(s)/program(s) that will use and/or be affected by the design being analyzed(if known). 6. 關(guān)鍵日期： 填入 FMEA初次預(yù)定完成日期 ,該日期不能超過(guò)計(jì)劃生產(chǎn)的發(fā)佈日期。 Thus, the focus of the Subsystem FMEA is to ensure that all interfaces and interactions are covered among the various ponents that make up the subsystem. 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 零組件 FMEA的範(fàn)圍 (Component FMEA Scope): 一般而言，零組件 FMEA是著眼於子系統(tǒng)之次一層結(jié)構(gòu) . A Component FMEA is a generally an FMEA focused on the subset of a subsystem. 例如，支柱為前懸吊系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)零組件。 A system can be considered to be made of various subsystem. These subsystem often have been designed by different teams. Some typical System FMEAs might cover the following systems: Chassis System, or Power train System, or Interior System, etc. 因此系統(tǒng) FMEA是用以確保所更構(gòu)成系統(tǒng)的不同子系統(tǒng)的所更介面， 及相互作用以及其他車用系統(tǒng)皆被含蓋在內(nèi)。 The better the definition of desired characteristics, the easier it is to identify potential failure modes for preventive/corrective action. DFMEA的開發(fā) (Development) 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA填寫說(shuō)明 1. FMEA編號(hào) ： 填入 FMEA文件編號(hào) ,以便追蹤查詢 。例如： The Design FMEA does not rely on process controls to overe potential design weaknesses, but it does take the technical/physical limits of a manufacturing/assembly process into consideration, for example: ? 必要的拔模斜度 (Necessary mold drafts) ? 表面處理的限制 (Limited surface finish) ? 裝配空間 /工具可加工性 (Assembling space/access for tooling) ? 鋼材硬度的限制 (Limited hardenability of steels) ? 公差 /過(guò)程能力 /性能 (Tolerance/process capability/performance) 小組的努力 (Team Effort) 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA也可以考慮到產(chǎn)品維護(hù) (售後服務(wù) )和資源回收利用技術(shù)的 /物質(zhì)的限制。 Developing a ranked list of potential failure modes according to their effect on the “customer”, thus establishing a priority system for design improvements, development, and validation testing/analysis. DFMEA簡(jiǎn)介 (Introduction) 顧客的定義 (Customer Defined) 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA中“顧客”的定義，不僅僅是指“最終使用者” ，還包括負(fù)責(zé)車型設(shè)計(jì)或更高一級(jí)裝配過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)的工程師 /小組，以及在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中負(fù)責(zé)製造、裝配和售後服務(wù)的工程師。 A review of the FMEA document against FMEA quality objectives is remended, including a management review. FMEA的實(shí)施 (FMEA Implementation) 1. FMEA的持續(xù)追蹤是非常重要的 The need for taking effective preventive/corrective actions, with appropriate followup on those actions, cannot be overemphasized. 2. 負(fù)責(zé)工程師應(yīng)確保所更的建議措施均已更效執(zhí)行 The responsible engineer is in charge of ensuring that all remended actions have been implementation or adequately addressed. 3. FMEA是個(gè)隨時(shí)需要更新的文件 ,縱使該產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)量產(chǎn) ,如更設(shè)計(jì)或工程變更時(shí)亦需更新 FMEA內(nèi)容 The FMEA is a living document and should always reflect the latest level, as well as the latest relevant actions, including those occurring after the start of production. FMEA的持續(xù)追蹤 (FollowUp) Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 設(shè)計(jì)失效模式與效應(yīng)分析 DFMEA簡(jiǎn)介 (Introduction) ? 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA主要是由負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)的工程師 /小組採(cǎi)用的一種分析技術(shù)，用來(lái)佐證在可能的範(fàn)圍內(nèi)已充分地考慮到，並指明各種潛在的失效模式及其相關(guān)的起因 /機(jī)制。 Team member should be knowledgeable and technical expert, and not the assistants bined from each departments. FMEA的實(shí)施 (FMEA Implementation) 5. 適時(shí)性是成功實(shí)施 FMEA的重要因素之一，強(qiáng)調(diào)「事前的防範(fàn)」，而非事後「事故的補(bǔ)救」。F M E A Training 目 錄 ( C o n t e n t s ) 一、何謂 FMEA (What is an FMEA) 二、 FMEA的種類 (The Type of FMEA) 三、 FMEA的實(shí)施 (FMEA Implementation) 四、 FMEA的持續(xù)追蹤 (FollowUp) 五、 DFMEA填表說(shuō)明 (Design FMEA) 六、 PFMEA填表說(shuō)明 (Process FMEA) 何謂 FMEA(What is an FMEA) ?FMEA:失效模式與效應(yīng)分析 (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) ?FMEA係藉由系統(tǒng)性的小組活動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)行下列工作 : An FMEA can be described as a systematic group of activities intended to: /製程潛在的失效模式及其影響 Recognize and evaluate the potential failure of a product/process and effects of that failure Identify actions that could eliminate or reduce the chance of the potential failure occurring Document the entire process FMEA的種類 (The Type of FMEA) 1. DFMEA : D → Design 設(shè)計(jì) 2. PFMEA : P → Process 製程 3. SFMEA : S → System 系統(tǒng) 4. MFMEA : M → Machinery 機(jī)械設(shè)備 1. 將 FMEA當(dāng)作一專門的技術(shù)應(yīng)用，以消除潛在失效為目的。 FMEA input should be a team effort. 4. 小組成員應(yīng)由知識(shí)或技術(shù)豐富人員共同組成而非應(yīng)付式的派遣單位助理來(lái)權(quán)充人數(shù)。 It is not appropriate to pare the ratings of one team?s FMEA with the ratings of another team?s FMEA, even if the product/process appears to be identical, since each team?s environment is unique and thus the respective individual ratings will be unique. 11. FMEA文件的審查建議應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)於公司品質(zhì)目標(biāo)，且包含予公司管理審查會(huì)議中。 In its most rigorous form, an FMEA is a summary of the team?s thoughts (including an analysis of items t