【正文】 境中生存與發(fā)展的需要，給有關(guān)企業(yè)帶來了顯著的利益； ? SCM從整個(gè)市場競爭與社會需求出發(fā)實(shí)現(xiàn)了社會資源的重組與業(yè)務(wù)的重組，顯著改善了社會經(jīng)濟(jì)活動中物流與信息流運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的效率和有效性，消除了不少中間環(huán)節(jié)，減少了延誤與浪費(fèi)，使生產(chǎn)者與最終用戶更加貼近，大大提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的質(zhì)量，促進(jìn)了社會經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。 客戶定單處理，執(zhí)行車間定單 ，執(zhí)行運(yùn)輸定單，執(zhí)行采購定單 2/27/2023 46 ERP SCM 北京理工大學(xué)管理與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 甘仞初 ? SCM系統(tǒng)的三維結(jié)構(gòu) 表達(dá)層 傳輸層 應(yīng)用層 數(shù)據(jù)層 原材料供應(yīng)者 制造者 銷售者 最終用戶 合作伙伴評選 合作設(shè)計(jì) 物料跟蹤 合作辦公 技術(shù)維 職能維 角色維 戰(zhàn)略層 戰(zhàn)術(shù)層 執(zhí)行與控制層 2/27/2023 47 ERP SCM 北京理工大學(xué)管理與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 甘仞初 ? 三維模型舉例（ 職能：合作伙伴選擇 ） 角色：原材料供應(yīng)者 表達(dá)層 傳輸層 應(yīng)用層 數(shù)據(jù)層（數(shù)據(jù)庫） 檢查制造者的要求。業(yè)績信息需經(jīng)允許才能使用，例如初定的合作者。建立與合作伙伴聯(lián)系的機(jī)制。設(shè)置業(yè)績檢測和老客戶訪問的許可權(quán)限。 CGI的安全性不夠，使用安全服務(wù)器。 數(shù)據(jù)層： 產(chǎn)品范圍，產(chǎn)品類型，技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)， CAD文件，交貨數(shù)據(jù)，質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)，客戶文件，成本數(shù)據(jù)，公司詳細(xì)資料 需求數(shù)據(jù)。使用與制造者數(shù)據(jù)庫的聯(lián)系收集產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)合作關(guān)系或定單與供貨者聯(lián)系 。 2/27/2023 51 ERP SCM 北京理工大學(xué)管理與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 甘仞初 What is a process reference model? Process reference models integrate the wellknown concepts of business process reengineering, benchmarking, and process measurement into a crossfunctional framework Quantify the operational performance of similar panies and establish internal targets based on “ bestinclass” results Benchmarking Characterize the management practices and software solutions that result in “ bestinclass” performance Best Practices Analysis Process Reference Model Capture the “ asis” state of a process and derive the desired “ tobe” future state Business Process Reengineering Capture the “ asis” state of a process and derive the desired “ tobe” future state Quantify the operational performance of similar panies and establish internal targets based on “ bestinclass” results Characterize the management practices and software solutions that result in “ bestinclass” performance Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model (Supply Chain Council) 2/27/2023 52 ERP SCM 北京理工大學(xué)管理與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 甘仞初 SCOR Contains 3 Levels Detail Level Schematic Comments 1 2 3 4 Configuration Level (Process Categories) Process Element Level (Depose Processes) Plan Deliver Make Source A pany’ s supply chain can be “ configuredto order” at Level 2 from approximately 17 core “ process categories.” Companies implement their operations strategy through their unique supply chain configuration. Companies “ fine tune” their Operations Strategy at Level 3 Level 3 defines a pany’ s ability to pete successfully in its chosen markets and consists of: ? Process element definitions ? Process element information inputs and outputs ? Process performance metrics ? Best practices, where applicable ? System capabilities required to support best practices ? Systems/tools by vendor ? ? Implementation Level (Depose Process Elements) Companies implement specific supplychain management practices at this level Level 4 defines practices to achieve petitive advantage and to adapt to changing business conditions Supply Chain Operations Referencemodel Top Level (Process Types) Level 1 defines the scope and content for the Supply Chain Operations Referencemodel Here basis of petition performance targets are set Not in Scope Description Balance Production Resources with Production Requirements Establish Detailed Production Plans Identify, Prioritize, and Aggregate Production Requirements Identify, Assess, and Aggregate Production Resources 2/27/2023 53 ERP SCM 北京理工大學(xué)管理與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 甘仞初 Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR) Process Definition Customers Suppliers P1 Plan Supply Chain Plan P2 Plan Source P3 Plan Make P4 Plan Deliver Source Make Deliver S1 Source Stocked Products M1 MaketoStock M2 MaketoOrder M3 EngineertoOrder S0 Source Infrastructure M0 Make Infrastructure D0 Deliver Infrastructure D1 Deliver Stocked Products D2 Deliver MTO Products D3 Deliver ETO Products P0 Plan Infrastructure S2 Source MTO Products S3 Source ETO Products 2/27/2023 54 ERP SCM 北京理工大學(xué)管理與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 甘仞初 Scope of SCOR processes ? Demand/supply planning – Assess supply resources, aggregate and prioritize demand requirements, plan inventory, distribution requirements, production, material, and roughcut capacity for all products and all channels – Manage planning infrastructure – Make/buy decisions, supplychain configuration, longterm capacity and resource planning, business planning, product phasein/