【正文】 放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 上午 3時 29分 1秒 上午 3時 29分 03:29: MOMODA POWERPOINT Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id urna blandit, eleifend nulla ac, fringilla purus. Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus. 感謝您的下載觀看 專家告訴 。 2023年 2月 上午 3時 29分 :29February 13, 2023 ? 1業(yè)余生活要有意義，不要越軌。 03:29:0103:29:0103:29Monday, February 13, 2023 ? 1知人者智，自知者明。 上午 3時 29分 1秒 上午 3時 29分 03:29: ? 楊柳散和風，青山澹吾慮。 2023年 2月 13日星期一 上午 3時 29分 1秒 03:29: ? 1楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。 03:29:0103:29:0103:292/13/2023 3:29:01 AM ? 1成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點點小小努力的積累。 2023年 2月 上午 3時 29分 :29February 13, 2023 ? 1行動出成果，工作出財富。 03:29:0103:29:0103:29Monday, February 13, 2023 ? 1乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。s function is seen mainly as a provider of materials and conditions for learning, while the learner takes responsibility for his or her own motivation and performance. (Adapted from Dr, 1996:276) 7. What does the word bull mean in each of the following sentences? (a) Beware of the bull! (b) I decided to take the bull by the horn and ask him to leave. (c) Stop acting like a bull in a china shop! (d) There was a bull market on the stock exchange today. ? 靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧?？梢哉f，它是鑒定各種理論的實驗場。 Contrastive linguistics (對比語言學 ) Any investigation in which the structures of two languages are pared. 對比語言學（ Contrastive Studies）又稱對比分析（ Contrastive Analysis）是語言學中的一個分支，其任務(wù)是對兩種或兩種以上的語言進行共時的對比研究，描述它們之間的異同，特別是其中的不同之處，并將這類研究應(yīng)用于其他有關(guān)領(lǐng)域。 ②注重形式分析，避開意義這一因素。 Discourse analysis (語篇分析 ) The attempt by various linguists to extend the methods of analysis developed for the description of words and sentences to the study of large structures in, or involved in the production of, discourse. Phoics (語音學 ) Of, relating to, or being features of pronunciation that are not phonemically distinctive in a language, as aspiration of consonants or vowel length in English. 語音學 (Phoics)是對人類語言發(fā)音進行的研究，它包括建立一套描述語音的方法和體系，也包括與之相關(guān)的理論建構(gòu)，還可以包括由此帶來的應(yīng)用前景。 Psycholinguistics (心理語言學 ) The study of the influence of psychological factors on the development, use, and interpretation of language. 心理語言學是研究語言活動中的心理過程的學科，它涉及人類個體如何掌握和運用語言系統(tǒng)，如何在實際交往中使語言系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮作用，以及為了掌握和運用這個系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具有什么知識和能力。它主要是指運用語言學和社會學等學科的理論和方法，從不同的社會科學的角度去研究語言的社會本質(zhì)和差異的一門學科。 Semantics (語義學 ) In programming, the relationship between words or symbols and their intended meanings. Programming languages are subject to certain semantic rules。 Syntax (句法學 ) The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are bined to form grammatical sentences 句法學研究語言的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。s day,” for Jove, or Jupiter, the god of thunder and rain, the most important deity in Roman mythology. ? Thor in Norse mythology, god of thunder, eldest son of the ruler of the gods, Odin, and the earth goddess, Jord. Thor was the strongest of the Aesir, the chief gods, whom he protected from their enemies, the giants. He fought with a magic hammer, which always returned to him when thrown. Thor39。 thus, a program statement can be syntactically correct but semantically incorrect—that is, a statement can be written in an acceptable form and still convey the wrong meaning. Semantic or lexical field The vocabulary of a language is not an unstructured collection of words. There exist certain meaning relations among them. Lexicologists use meaning relations to propose descriptions of vocabulary structure. One of the concepts used is the semantic or lexical field. A semantic field contains words that belong to a defined area of meaning. Crystal (1995) defines a semantic field as a 39。re divorcing. 8. words Hostile or angry remarks made back and forth. 9. Word: the Bible. Difficulties in the Definition of the Word The word may be defined differently depending on whether we focus on its representation, the thought which it expresses, or purely formal criteria. There have been several types of definitions. The first type of definition relies mainly on writing traditions The second type of definition considers the word as a thought unit or a psychological unit. The third type of definition relies only on purely formal criteria. Major Features of Words 1. A word is a sound or bination of sounds which we make voluntarily with our vocal equipment. 2. A word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else. 3. The word is an uninterruptible unit. 4. A word has to do with its social function. 5. A word may consist of one or more morphemes. 6. Words are part of the large munication system we call language. 7. A word occurs typically in the structure of phrases. The Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics 1. With phoics。 lyrics. 5. An assurance or a promise。 a van. a buggy a coup233。A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY CHAPTER 1 LEXICOLOGY AND WORDS Introduction What Is Lexicology? What Is a word The Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics Lexical and Grammatical Words Words and Semantic Fields Aims and Significance of the Course of English Lexicology Approaches to the Study of English Lexicology Introduction Words are the building block of the English language. They are very important in verbal munication. We shall review in this chapter the term lexicology, the concept of word, word classes, the features of word, and the concept of