【正文】 there. 因為他妻子在那兒，我對此事只字未提。 While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。 2. whatever, however 等 ever 詞用法說明 這些詞在用法應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1) 它們均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為 ―無論 …‖ ： Whatever you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。 ② however+形容詞或副詞 +主語 +謂語： However much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少 , 他都不發(fā)胖。 3. 為什么不能說 (al)though…bu t 漢語中可說 ―雖然 … 但是 …‖ ，但按英語習(xí)慣，通常不能說 although…but 或 though…but ： 雖然很危險，但我要試試。但是，如果就此認(rèn)為 although 永遠(yuǎn)不與but 連用，這也是片面的，請看兩例： (1) But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我當(dāng)時的確不知 道此事，盡管后來我還是知道了。該句從總體來看，它是一個以并列連詞 but 連接的并列句，而在該并列句的后面一句又是一個包含讓步狀語從句 although I knew some maths 的復(fù)合句 ——這種句型就是所謂的并列復(fù)合句。 They treated the child as if she were their own. 他們待這孩子像親生的一樣。不過在非正式文體中，有時即使句意明確地表示不是事實，也可能用陳述語氣： He treats me as if I am [were] a stranger. 他待我有如陌生人。 He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他張開口，好像要說話似的。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見他嗎 ? 練 習(xí) 題 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空 1. The farmer watered the vegetables in the field ______they might grow better. 2. If they don’t understand it the first time, go over it again _____ they do. 3. I won’t accept their offer, ______ favorable the conditions. 4. ______ it happened to be a nice day, we decided to go to the beach. 5. We were just about ready to leave ______ it started to snow. 6. I’ll keep his address _____ I need it. 7. ______ I’m very much mistaken, that’s my watch you’re wearing! 8. The fire went on for quite some time ______ it was brought under control. 9. ______ the government agrees to give extra money , the theatre will have to close. 10. _______when do the pubs stay open? About midnight. 翻譯句子 1. 要不了多久，我們就到工廠了。 5. 你既然來了，最好還是留下吧 (既來之，則安之 )。 9. 她一個人時，常?？奁?。 3. 這小孩很聰明，我們都喜歡他。 7. 盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。（倒裝） 感 受文化背景 The ―V‖ Sign In American culture a ―v‖ sign, formed by raising and spreading the first two fingers with the palm forward, has three different meanings. In 1941, a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye, who wanted a symbol for fighting the Nazi(納粹 ), came up with the single letter ―V‖, which stood not only for his own first name, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The meaning of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill used it constantly in public. Therefore, the gesture meant simply ―victory‖ throughout the 1940s and 1950s. The second meaning came in the 1960s. American antiwar protesters used the sign sarcastically(諷刺地 ) against the war, so that it became known as the ―peace sign‖. And in the 1970s, the ―V‖ sign was a mon greeting among young people. The third meaning is the oldest and east mon. American children jokingly put ―V‖, which looks like ―horns‖ （牛、羊等 動物的）角 , behind friends’ heads in group snapshots(快照 ). This mischief(惡作劇 ) is called ―horns of the Devil‖. In the United States, the gesture is typicaly given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version(樣式；形式 ) and an older, palmbackward version。m not really interested in getting fit. I just want to get rid of my __13__ (tire) and be energetic. Heaven: In that __14__， you may be interested in our sports facilities ... Gladys: Mm, well, I like to go swimming. I find that helps me relax. Do you have __15__ swimming facilities at your place? Heaven: Certainly. We have two 25metre pools here. Ⅲ .七選五 16 When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat。m too tired and __6__ (look) for some way to relax. Heaven: OK, sure. Did you know that we recently have a special offer, __7__ nonmembers can use our facilities __8__ having to pay the membership fee? Gladys: Oh, that39。 9. 她一個人時，常?？奁?。 5. 你既然來了，最好還是留下吧 (既來之，則安之 )。（倒裝） 翻譯句子 1. 要不了多久，我們就到工廠了。 7. 盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。 3. 這小孩很聰明，我們都喜歡他。 注：有些由 if 構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語，如 if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so： If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。 You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營。 (2) 有時 the way 也可用作連詞，表示方式，與 as 的用法相似： The didn’t do it the way we do now. 那時他們不像我們現(xiàn)在這樣行事。 注： as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中引出讓步狀語，但若不倒裝，則不能用 as，而與之相反， although 在不倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，但在倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中卻不可以用。 (2) I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我試著算這些賬，但盡管我懂點(diǎn)數(shù)學(xué)，仍感到很困難。由于在同一句中既用了從屬連詞 (al)though，又用了并列連詞 but，使得句子一半像復(fù)合句，一半像并列句，從而導(dǎo)致錯誤。 (4) 有時從句謂語可用情態(tài)動詞： I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 無論他在哪里，我都要找到他。 (2) 它們引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，通?？蓳Q成 no matter… ，如 說： No matter what you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。 Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不論我們幫助他與否 , 他都將失敗。 We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我們也要去 注：除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句外，還應(yīng)注意以下情況： (1) 用 when 和 while 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 不過若 because 之前有 just 修飾，一般認(rèn)為 not 是否定從句的： You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因為有人說你壞話而生氣。 注：除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外， when 有時也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (when 表示 ―既然 ‖)： I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。請看以下句子： I’m so happy that you could visit us. 我很高興你能來看望我們。 (so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句 ) I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽演講去得很早，所以找個好座位。 (2) 形式上的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)目的從句之前不用逗號 (說話時也不停頓 )，而結(jié)果從句之前則通常有逗號 (說話時常有停頓 )；有時引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時其前也可以沒有逗號，此時可看從句中是否有 can 中 / could, may / might, will /would 以及 should 等 情態(tài)動詞，如果沒有，則多半是結(jié)果從句。 注：在 much, many, little, few 這四個詞前總是用 so 而不用 such： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了許多跤，結(jié)果全身都是傷。但有時 ―so+形容詞 ‖后還可接一個名詞，且這個名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 (不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞 )： 正： He is so clever a child that we all like him. 這小孩很聰明，我們都喜歡他。 注： in case 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句有時可用 ―should+動詞原形 ‖這樣的形式： Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著雨衣以防下雨。 注： so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時有時可省略 so 而只用 that，有時也可只用 so： Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 注：除以上基本的引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞外，還有的動詞尤其是其分詞形式 (如suppose, supposing, provided, providing等 )和介詞短語 (如