immuneresponse免疫應(yīng)答-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 ossreactive antigens bacterial or viral infection triggers antibody production to cell ponents AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus Virus capsid ponent gp120 TH lymphocyte surface receptor CD4 Depletion of TH cells ELISA test for infection Vaccination?? Role of other cells Macrophages ‘Antigen Presenting Cell’ (APC) engulf antigen。 IL5 B cell proliferates into Plasma and Memory cells 。 IL4 activate T cell, causing proliferation amp。 T cells amp。 T cells amp。 T cells amp。 T cells deleted Autoimmunity breakdown of Tolerance, system failure a) antigen exposed b) antigen produced (viral infection, cancer) c) B amp。 phagocytes attack, releasing lytic enzymes hours Hypersensitivity Reactions Type I: anaphylaxis mediated by IgE rapid response: blood vessel dilation, hypotension, shock insect venom Type II: cytolytic/cytotoxic reactions mediated by IgG, IgM bind to cell, initiate plement cascade amp。 activation of monocytes and macrophages Cytotoxic effects: T cytotoxic (TC) or killer T cells deliver lethal hit, killing target cell CELLMEDIATED IMMUNITY Protective role: immunity to infectious agents, esp. those with intracellular stage。 IL4 activate T cell, causing proliferation amp。 macrophages) to lymph nodes 3. Gastrointestinal or Respiratory tract Macrophages amp。 T lymphocytes IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE Antibodymediated or Humoral response B lymphocytes Cellmediated response T lymphocytes (subpopulation) ANTIGEN Carbohydrate Protein Nucleic acid? Small molecules if attached to protein Cell surface ponents (MHC, ABO, LPS) HETEROPHILE ANTIGEN Many faces。 Reticuloendothelial System (RES) Overlapping an systems Lymphatic: lymphocytes amp。 macrophages phagocytes die, release chemotactic factors Symptoms: erythema (rubror) edema (tumor) pain (dolor) localized temperature increase (calor) Triggers: histamine bradykinin prostaglandin Inflammatory response highly integrated, non specific Erythema: histamine increases blood flow to area via capillary dilation Edema: capillary dilation causes increased permeability, fluid loss to tissues (histamine may also contribute) Pain: leukocyte death releases bradykinin and prostaglandin。 phagosome 3. Vesicle fuses with lysosome 4. Digestive enzymes destroy bacterial cell。 shortlived Monocytes – large cells。 specific Host defense mechanisms A. Outer barriers Skin and epithelial linings Skin: keratin sweat (NaCl), sebum (unsat. fatty acids) Mucous membranes: mucus and ciliated epithelium stomach acid
環(huán)評(píng)公示相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1