【正文】 mpt is made to rate the risk of the more serious but less frequent injury any differently from the risk of less serious but more frequent injury. Care has been taken to try to avoid encouraging manufacturers to concentrate their attention on areas which would provide little benefit in accidents. In addition to the basic Euro NCAP assessment, additional information is recorded and may be reported. In future, some of these additional aspects may be added to the Euro NCAP assessment. In the first series of tests, a three year old child in a child restraint was fitted on the rear seat, in the frontal and side impact tests. In subsequent series, an 18 month old child dummy has been added. From Phase 3, a sliding scale system of points scoring has been used. This involves two limits for each parameter, a more demanding limit (higher performance), beyond which a maximum score is obtained and a less demanding limit (lower performance), below which no points are scored. In frontal and side impact, the maximum score for each body region is four points. In the pole impact, 2 additional points are available if certain conditions are met. For each impact site in the pedestrian tests, a maximum of two points are available. Where a value falls between the two limits, the score is calculated by linear interpolation. The basic assessment criteria used for frontal impact, with the upper and lower performance limits for each parameter, are summarised below. Where multiple criteria exist for an individual body region, the lowest scoring parameter is used to determine the performance of that region. If a steering wheel airbag is fitted the following criteria are used to assess the protection of the head for the driver. These criteria are always used for the passenger. Note:HIC36 levels above 1000 have been recorded with airbags, where there is no hard contact and no established risk of internal head injury. A hard contact is assumed, if the peak resultant head acceleration exceeds 80 g, or if there is other evidence of hard contact. If there is no hard contact a score of 4 points is awarded.If there is hard contact, the following limits are used: Higher performance limitHIC36 650 (5%≥ AIS3 [1,2]) Lower performance limit HIC36 1000* (20%≥ AIS3 [1,2]) Drivers with no steering wheel airbag If no steering wheel airbag is fitted, and the following requirements are met in the frontal impact test: HIC36 1000 then, deformable honeyb faceform tests are carried out on the steering wheel. The tester attempts to choose the most aggressive sites to test and it is expected that two tests will be required, one aimed at the hub and spoke junction and one at the rim and spoke junction. The assessment is then based on the following criteria. Higher performance limit Resultant peak Acc. 80 g Resultant Acc. 3 msec exceedence 65 gLower performance limit Honeyb crush 1 mm HIC36 1000 Resultant peak Acc. 120 g Resultant Acc. 3 msec exceedence 80 g From the faceform tests, a maximum of 2 points are awarded for performance better than the lower limits. For values worse than the lower performance limit, no points are awarded. The results from the worst performing test are used for the assessment. This means that for cars, not equipped with a steering wheel airbag, the maximum score obtainable for the driver’s head is 2 points. NeckHigher performance limit Shear kN 0 msec, kN 25 35 msec, kN 45 msec Tension kN 0 msec, kN 35 msec, kN 60 msec Extension 42 Nm Lower performance limit Shear kN 0 msec, kN 25 35 msec, kN 45 msec* Tension kN 0 msec, kN 35 msec, kN 60 msec* Extension 57 Nm* (Significant risk of injury [3]) Note: Neck Shear and Tension are assessed from cumulative exceedence plots, with the limits being functions of time. By interpolation, a plot of points against time is puted. The minimum point on this plot gives the score. Plots of the limits and colour rating boundaries are given in Appendix I. ChestHigher performance limit Compression 22 mm (5% risk of injury ≥ AIS3 [4]) Viscous Criterion m/sec (5% risk of injury ≥ AIS4) Lower performance limit Compression 50 mm* (50% risk of injury ≥ AIS3 [4]) Viscous Criterion m/sec* (25% risk of injury ≥ AIS4) Knee, Femur and Pelvis Higher performance limit Femur pression kN (5% risk of pelvis injury [5]) Knee slider pressive displacement 6 mmLower performance limit Femur Compression kN 0 msec, kN ≥ 10 msec* (Femur fracture limit [3]) Knee slider pressive displacement 15 mm* (Cruciate ligament failure limit [3,6]) Note: Femur pression is assessed from a cumulative exceedence plot, with the limits being functions of time. By interpolation, a plot of points against time is puted. The minimum point on this plot gives the score. Plots of the limits and colour rating boundaries are given in Appendix I. Lower Leg Higher performance limit Tibia Index Tibia Compression 2 kN Lower performance limit Tibia Inde