【正文】 e的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.(4) 情態(tài)動詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣。副詞otherwise, unfortunately等表示轉(zhuǎn)折假設(shè)。如：In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.(2) 下列形容詞和分詞做表語或補(bǔ)語時(shí)，that主語從句中動詞用虛擬形式：advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, pulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital,advised, arranged, manded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, remended, requested, required, suggested。如：He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.同等學(xué)力在職研究生英語語法之虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. 主從句謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)(1) 掌握主從句謂語動詞的規(guī)范搭配:主句從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 would/情態(tài)動詞過去式+do were (不分人稱)/did與過去事實(shí)相反 would/情態(tài)動詞過去式+have done had done與將來事實(shí)相反 would/情態(tài)動詞過去式+do should ：If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.(2) 區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時(shí)間概念：主從句謂語動詞所指時(shí)間不同，這叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來調(diào)整。如：Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.3. 動名詞的習(xí)慣用法句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.It’s no good/use/piic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.I know it isn’t important but I can’t help thinking about it.Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them. There is no use crying over spilt milk.4. there be 非謂語動詞的用法(1) 做賓語時(shí)取決于謂語動詞的持續(xù)要求。如：Although a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.2. 動名詞做介詞短語考生尤其要識別下列短語中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號：object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be mitted to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, e close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只是句子的一個(gè)部分，但在翻譯時(shí)經(jīng)常譯成獨(dú)立的句子，考生要注意英漢兩種語言在結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別。如： He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members.There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.(3) 表示伴隨、方式，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our everincreasing world.(相當(dāng)于the changes which take place...)There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相當(dāng)于which gave...) How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?(相當(dāng)于How many of us who will attend...)(2) 過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動意義。如：Because of the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me to swim in the river unless someone agrees to watch over us. 同等學(xué)力在職研究生英語語法之分詞分詞分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語或狀語。如：saidreportedthoughtbe to do sth.believedknownsupposedByron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.2. 不定式做賓語(1) 必須接不定式做賓語的動詞：掌握要求接不定式做賓語的動詞：agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor, intend, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, pledge, pretend, prepare, promise, proceed, prove, resolve, refuse, request, swear, tend, try, venture, wait, wis