【正文】 Actions, that their shine may fill My wayes with glory and thee glorify. Then mine apparell shall display before yee That I am Cloathd in Holy robes for glory. Back Jonathan Edwards d. Cotton Mather (1663—1728) Wonders of the Invisible World e. Jonathan Edwards(1703 —1758) Freedom of the Will The Nature of True Virtue The Doctrine of Original Sin Defended Personal Narrative Jonathan Edwards (17031758) He believed in the inward munication of the soul with God. He had a metaphorical mode of perception, ., a symbolic way of looking at things. Forward Great Awakening ? Great Awakening is a series of religious revivals that swept over the American colonies about the middle of the 18th century. It resulted in doctrinal change and influenced social and political thought. In New England it was started(1734)by the rousing preaching of Jonathan Edwards. Features of Colonial Poets 1. They were servants of God. 2. They faithfully imitated and transplanted English literary traditions. In English style Puritan poets Puritanism in America 1. They follow the ideas of the religious reformer John Calvin. 2. Doctrines: Predestination Original sin and total depravity (human beings are basically evil.) Limited atonement (or the Salvation of a selected few) 3. Puritan values (creeds): Hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety, simple tastes. Puritans are more practical, tougher, and to be ever ready for any misfortune and tragic failure. They are optimistic. Puritanism in America 4. Why did Puritans e to America? to reform the Church of England to have an entirely new church to escape religious persecution * God’s chosen people * To seek a new Garden of Eden * To build “City of God on earth” Puritanism in America 5. Influence American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. American literature is based on a myth, . the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. Puritanism can be pared with Chinese Confucianism. III. Literature and the American Revolution: (17761815) ? General Background: 1. The Great AwakeningJonathan Edwards 2. The EnlightenmentBenjamin Franklin 3. The War of Independence Jonathan Edwards ? Outstanding representative of Puritanism ? His life ? His works ? His position His life ? Born into a very religious family ? Entered Yale at 13 ? Assistant to minister of the church of Northampton, Massachusetts 1726 ? Be the minister of that church himself ? Advocated the Great Awakening ? Left for Stockbridge, Mass. as a pastor ? Meditated and wrote his greatest works His works ? Personal Narratives 《 自述 》 ? Freedom of the Will 《 意志的自由 》 ? The Doctrine of Original Sin Defended 《 原罪說(shuō)辯 》 ? The Nature of True Virtue 《 真正美德的本質(zhì) 》 ? Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 《 發(fā)怒的上帝手中的罪人 》 ? Images or Shadows of Divine Things 《 神靈的形影 》 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 《 發(fā)怒的上帝手中的罪人 》 ? 上帝憎恨你們，把你們抓起來(lái)放在地獄之火上烘烤，就像一個(gè)人在火堆上燒著一只蜘蛛或令人作嘔的昆蟲一樣。 If ever wife was happy in a man, Compare with me, ye women, if you can. I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold Or all the riches that the East doth hold. My love is such that rivers cannot quench, Nor ought but love from thee, give repense. Thy love is such I can no way repay, The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray. Then while we live, in love let39。 3. fleeing from religious and political oppression and persecution。 2. an urge for religious freedom and determination。 Abraham The puritans believed that they were descendants of Abraham: they were the “elect” group redeemed by the suffering of Jesus Christ and chosen to receive God’s “grace”. a. Puritanism is a highly strict religious doctrine. The Puritans were determined to find a place on the new continent where they could worship God in the way they thought true Christians should. b. Puritanism also has its practical aspect. The Puritans had to work hard in order to make a living and be ready for any misfortunes and tragic failures that might lie in wait for them. C. Characteristics of the Colonial American Literature a. American literature, in a sense, was a literary expression of the pious idealism of the Puritan request. b. The Puritans’ metaphorical mode of perception brought American literary symbolism into be