【正文】 e around them—for example, when such a person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never __2__bump into other people. However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this other person told us a story, __3__it he said was quite wellknown, about an American who had been invited __4__to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The American __5__hasn’t been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had __6__known about American food, he might have behaved better. __7__Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that __8__it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching, __9__said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. __10__And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners.9. 將Since改為Although/Though/While。此處上下文之間不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。6. 刪掉more。此處是“持續(xù)”的意思，所以可以用went on 或者last來表達(dá)。steady decline 意為持續(xù)的下降，前面不用加冠詞。high可以用作名詞，意為“高峰”，“高水準(zhǔn)”，“最高紀(jì)錄”。10. height改為high形容詞作be 的表語。6. it改為themthem指代the great majority of men。參考答案及解析:1. strucked改為struck或者stricken過去分詞形式有誤。 Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years before, you can’t help being strucked by the __1__appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles andmakeup look date。根據(jù)上下文，要表達(dá)的意思是“作為語言的使用者”，不是“像語言的使用者”。 Inquire 是“詢問”的意思。第二個(gè)things不能省略，否則引起誤解?！県ardy any moment passes without someone…” , 兩個(gè)否定: without 和hardly，意思是“每一時(shí)刻有人……”。We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly anymoment passes with someone talking, writing or reading. Indeed, __1__languages is most essential to mankind. Our lives increasingly dependon fast and successful use of language. Strangely enough, we know __2__more about things around us than on ourselves. For example, language __3__is species specific, that is, it is language that differs human from __4__animals. However, we do not know yet how exactly we inquire language __5__and how it is possible for us to perceive through language。9. 在blame前加to。7. 去掉but。5. 在felt 后加for。這句話的主語是“to hunt a whale”，“to hunt a whale was high adventure”。先行詞由最高修飾時(shí)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that。從邏輯的意義上看，句與句之間的關(guān)系可以分為順序，并列，時(shí)間，空間，層遞，對(duì)比，轉(zhuǎn)折，解釋，因果，過渡，推論等。分析便知，任何在黑洞附近的東西都會(huì)被吸進(jìn)去。mass 可指“大量的物質(zhì)”，而“the masses”特指“勞動(dòng)群眾”，用在此處不妥。7 .去掉in。so做 think 的賓語，thus 只能做連詞，不能做賓語。 上文已提到“連光都無法從黑洞中逃出”，所以我們根本無法看到黑洞。從邏輯上分析，因?yàn)槲覀儞碛械目茖W(xué)術(shù)語“不充足”，所以才無法回答這個(gè)問題，所以用否定形式。What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2__a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3__escape—not even light. But we can’t see a black hole. A black hole __4__exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space—or thus we think. How can this happen? __5__The theory is that some stars explode when their density increasesto a particular point。 rise to表示“引起，導(dǎo)致”之意。參考答案及解析:，或?qū)hich改為where在這里which引導(dǎo)限制性從句，修飾先行詞the society。例如：When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. And that’s my ，我感到坦然；當(dāng)我行惡時(shí)，我感到內(nèi)疚。另外，family在這里作“家人”講，是復(fù)數(shù)。There is a vacant piece of land near the house。8將ill改為illness。excluding意為“不包括…”6 將respectably改為respectively respectively 意為 “分別地 ”，符合句子的意思。2 將publishing改為published report和publish時(shí)邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用publish的過去分詞短語來修飾report。 pregnancies after four births。8 將mean改為means9 將as改為like，或者在as前面加such10 將number改為deal或者amountobscurity是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用a number of 來修飾。 far from being...意思為“遠(yuǎn)非”“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不怎么樣”，符合這里的意思。參考答案及解析:1 刪掉the此處的most并不表示obvious的最高級(jí)，而是用作副詞修飾obvious，表示程度很高，因此前面不能加the。這就要求考生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)不能一知半解、似是而非，而必須十分仔細(xì)、認(rèn)真并多做這類改錯(cuò)練習(xí)，而且每次練習(xí)都要遵照正確的方法和步驟．久而久之就能容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)和改正語病，答對(duì)率也會(huì)逐步提高，從而會(huì)增強(qiáng)信心，考出最佳成績。此時(shí)，考生必須充分調(diào)動(dòng)所掌握的語法和詞匯兩方面的知識(shí)，發(fā)揮自身領(lǐng)會(huì)、推理，判斷乃至猜想的能力，并利用以往的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)．做起題來才能游刃有余。因此，學(xué)生平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章的理解能力的訓(xùn)練，了解、熟悉篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：語段內(nèi)句子之間的關(guān)系、語段之間的關(guān)系；它們的類別；各種不同關(guān)系的表示法，等等。如：　　1997年試卷的第5題：departure. This is what his body wants to do，therefore（5）（把therefore 改成加but）　　1999年試卷的第5題：as an hour of gathering produces 240．（5）（把a(bǔ)s改成while）?　　對(duì)第二類錯(cuò)誤的判斷要求學(xué)生從篇章角度出發(fā)，把文中的句子看作表達(dá)一完整意思的有機(jī)體。鑒于這個(gè)特點(diǎn)，學(xué)生就要從篇章結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)角度去判斷句子的正誤。該項(xiàng)目仍著眼于語言的運(yùn)用。因此，對(duì)于學(xué)生來說，平時(shí)自己在學(xué)習(xí)中要注意擴(kuò)大、鞏固已有的詞匯量，這點(diǎn)是非常重要的。比如：　　外層空間應(yīng)為outer space，而不是out space（1996年第 5題），做動(dòng)作應(yīng)為 perform an act，而不是make an act（1997年第 8題），姿式應(yīng)為posture，而不是post （1997年第10題），站起來應(yīng)為 get to their feet，而不是get on their feet（1998年第 4題），等等。　　校對(duì)改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用已學(xué)過的語法知識(shí)，來判斷句子的正誤，找出語病，并作修正。沒有系統(tǒng)的語法知識(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)者就很難全面、準(zhǔn)確地以口頭或書面的形式表達(dá)思維或意念。? 　　校對(duì)與改錯(cuò)部分的測試目的是檢查學(xué)生在實(shí)際語境中靈活運(yùn)用語言的能力。短文內(nèi)含10個(gè)錯(cuò)誤；錯(cuò)誤都出現(xiàn)在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的行內(nèi)。該項(xiàng)目包含兩個(gè)部分：答題要求和一篇要求修改的短文。該部分采用主觀測試題型。短文的體裁和題材不超出學(xué)生所熟悉的范圍。錯(cuò)誤既涉及句內(nèi)也涉及句際。?這一部分要求考生掌握三種知識(shí)：?　　(1.)語法知識(shí)　　眾所周知，英語語言能力包括眾多因素，其中之一是語法知識(shí)。一般地說，該項(xiàng)目中要求改正的錯(cuò)誤里包括一些語法錯(cuò)誤?！　?2.)詞匯與搭配　　校對(duì)改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目的另一測試點(diǎn)是學(xué)生對(duì)常用詞匯、搭配和用法的了解及運(yùn)用。詞匯的積累不是一朝一夕即可完成，它需要在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中逐步積累，積少成多。同時(shí)我們也再三強(qiáng)調(diào)，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目盡管涉及以上兩點(diǎn)的評(píng)估，但它不是簡單、孤立地檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生的語法詞匯知識(shí)。這篇短文由十來個(gè)在意義上相關(guān)聯(lián)的句子構(gòu)成；而需要修改的語病都出現(xiàn)在 這些在意義上是有機(jī)組合的句中。如：　　1996年試卷的第6題：water rising away from the depths of the earth during（6）（刪去away）?　　1999年試卷的第4題：hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories（4）（把in 改成 on）?　　2）句際錯(cuò)誤：對(duì)此類錯(cuò)誤的判斷要基于上下文之上，也就是牽涉到句與句之間的關(guān)系了。歷年試卷中難易度系數(shù)偏低的題目也大都為此類錯(cuò)誤。正確的做法是先從頭到尾通讀全文，在正確理解或大致正確理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔細(xì)推敲需要改正或增添的內(nèi)容?！　∫?yàn)橐罂忌赋龊透恼腻e(cuò)誤往往是考生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中常犯和易犯的錯(cuò)誤，不易察覺。 there is a __5__sharp difference in meaning between “man is vile” and “the man is vile”, yet theis the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. Moreover, grammatical words __6__differ considerably among themselves as the amount of meaning they have even in __7__the lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been “l(fā)ittle words.”But size is by no mean a good criterion for distinguishing the grammatical words.” __8__of English, when we consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. __9__Apart from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say:we