ch07經(jīng)濟(jì)增長i-資本積累與人口增長-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 F i n la n dJ a p a nD e n m a r kI v o r yC o a s tG e r m a n yI ta l y1 0 0 , 0 0 01 0 , 0 0 01 , 0 0 01 0 01 2 3 40In co me p e r p ers o n i n 1 9 9 2(l o g ar i t h mi c s ca l e)P o p u l at i o n g ro w t h (p er ce n t p er y e ar ) (a v e ra g e 1 9 6 0 – 1 9 9 2 )International Evidence on Population Growth and Ine per Person CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 57 The Golden Rule with Population Growth 為了找到黃金律資本存量 , we again express c* in terms of k*: c* = y* ? i* = f (k* ) ? (? + n) k* c* is maximized when MPK = ? + n or equivalently, MPK ? ? = n 在黃金律穩(wěn)態(tài) , 資本的邊際產(chǎn)出減去折舊等于人口增長率 CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 58 Chapter Summary 1. Solow 增長模型顯示 ,在長期 ,一個(gè)國家的生活水平與 ? 儲蓄率正相關(guān) . ? 與人口增長率負(fù)相關(guān) . 2. 儲蓄率的上升導(dǎo)致 ? 在長期，更高的產(chǎn)出 ? 暫時(shí)的較快增長 ? but not faster steady state growth. CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 59 Chapter Summary 3. 如果經(jīng)濟(jì)擁有的資本超過黃金律水平 , 則降低儲蓄將在所有時(shí)點(diǎn)上提高消費(fèi) , 使得所有世代都富裕 . 如果經(jīng)濟(jì)擁有的資本低于黃金律水平 ,則提高儲蓄將提高后代人的消費(fèi)，降低當(dāng)代人的消費(fèi) . 。 0 . 1 。 0 . 3 。 we can still do fiscal policy experiments) 5. 表面差異 . CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 14 The production function ? 總量形式 : Y = F (K, L ) ? 定義 : y = Y/L = 人均產(chǎn)出 k = K/L = 人均資本 ? 假定規(guī)模收益不變 : zY = F (zK, zL ) for any z 0 ? Pick z = 1/L. Then Y/L = F (K/L , 1) y = F (k, 1) y = f(k) where f(k) = F (k, 1) CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 15 The production function 人均產(chǎn)出 , y 人均資本 , k f(k) Note: this production function exhibits diminishing MPK. 1 MPK =f(k +1) – f(k) CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 16 The national ine identity ? Y = C + I (remember, no G ) ? In ―per worker‖ terms: y = c + i where c = C/L and i = I/L CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 17 The consumption function ? s = 儲蓄率 , 儲存起來的收入的比例 (s 是一個(gè)外生參數(shù) ) Note: s is the only lowercase variable that is not equal to its uppercase version divided by L ? 消費(fèi)函數(shù) : c = (1–s)y (per worker) CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 18 Saving and investment ? 消費(fèi) (per worker) = y – c = y – (1–s)y = sy ? 國民收入恒等式是 y = c + i 重新排列可得到 : i = y – c = sy (投資 = 儲蓄 , like in chap. 3!) ? 使用前面的結(jié)果 , i = sy = sf(k) CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 19 Output, consumption, and investment 人均產(chǎn)出 , y 人均資本 , k f(k) sf(k) k1 y1 i1 c1 CHAPTER 7 Economic Growth I slide 20 Depreciation 人均折舊 , ?k 人均資本 , k ?k ? = 折舊率
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