【正文】 y of services, is more challenging with mobile networks.Design for Scalability, includes information that can help you meet changing usage demands .Because an all IP core layer of 4G is easily scalable, it is ideally suited to meet this challenge. AND COMPARISON OF BROADBAND WIRELESS1) First Generation (1G): 1G wireless mobile munication systems, was introduced in the early wireless was analog and supported the first generation of analog cell phones. They include a signaling protocol known as SS7 (Signaling System 7).2) Second Generation (2G): 2G systems, fielded in the late 1980s, were intended primarily for voice transmission and was all about digital PCS.3) Third Generation (3G): 3G in wireless will be a deliberate migration to faster, datacentric wireless networks. The immediate goal is to raise transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2M bit/sec.4) Fourth Generation (4G): In reality, as of first half of 2002, 4G is a conceptual framework for or a discussion point to address future needs of a universal high speed wireless network that will interface with wire line backbone network seamlessly.IV. THE 4G NETWORK THAT THE CELLHEADS DREAM ABOUT4G can be imagined of as an integrated wireless system that enables seamless roaming between user can be operating in cellular technology network and get handed over to a satellitebased network and back to a fixed wireless network, depending upon the network coverage and preference of charging.A. The GoalsOpen Mobile Alliance’s (OMA) main goal is to make sure different wireless services and devices work together, and across countries, operators, and mobile plans in the group39。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 劉愛(ài)琴．低功耗便攜式心電記錄儀的設(shè)計(jì)．電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用，2001，27﹝9﹞．[2] ： .[3] 黃敏松，行鴻彥，[J]．現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)，2007(16)：187—189．[4] [J].中興通訊技術(shù)，2005.[5] [M].北京：高等教育出版社，．[6] Nazarpour,K. Ebadi, Electrocardiogram Signal Modelling Using Genetic Algorithm [J].MEMEA,2007(10).[7] Horner,Holls, Based for Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction [J].CIC,2008(5).[8] 盧喜烈．動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖[M]．天津：天津科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2005.[9] 周?chē)?yán)．測(cè)控系統(tǒng)電子技術(shù)[M]．北京：科學(xué)出版社，2007.[10] (日)谷隆嗣．?dāng)?shù)字濾波器與信號(hào)處理[M]．北京：科學(xué)出版社，2003.[11] 蘇麗，趙國(guó)良，李東明．心電信號(hào)QRS波群檢測(cè)算法研究[J]．．8，26(4)：513517. 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Albert Butare .Kigali Institute of Science Technology and Management (KIST), Kigali, Rwanda.AbstractAs access technology increases, voice, video,multimedia, and broadband data services are being integrated into the same network. Fourth Generation (4G) is the next generation of wireless networks that will replace third Generation (3G) networks sometimes in future. 4G is intended to provide high speed, high capacity, low cost per bit, IP based is all about an integrated, global network that’s based on an open system approach. The goal of 4G is to “replace the current proliferation of core cellular networks with a single worldwide cellular core network standard based on IP for control, video, packet data and VoIP. But while 3G haven’t quite arrived, researchers want to contribute their ideas to the development of an asyet undefined wireless world that could bee operational by around 2010. This paper deals with the fundamentals and issues of networks, technologies, spectrum, standards,terminals, services of 4G and about the visions that the network operators and service providers see for the evolution of 4G mobile systems and where is future research from their perspective necessary?Keywords：Wireless, 4G, WOFDM, MCCDMA, LASCDMA,UWB.I. INTRODUCTIONWhile carriers and handset manufacturers obviously have their hands full with 3G, some panies are already looking beyond this next generation of wireless technology and networks. 4G is simply an initiative by academic Ramp。然后要感謝吳德操學(xué)長(zhǎng)在論文完成過(guò)程總給予我最有效的建議及最無(wú)私的幫助，使我的課題得以順利的進(jìn)行，并以愉悅的心情完成論文的撰寫(xiě)。值此論文完稿之際，感激之情油然而生。在前置電路中，集成放大器AD620作為輸入級(jí)，該芯片極低的失調(diào)電壓及漂移和高共模抑制比保證了心電信號(hào)完好的被捕捉；隔離電路的設(shè)計(jì)可保證被測(cè)試病人的安全；通過(guò)兩級(jí)放大，成功的將信號(hào)放大1000倍，使信號(hào)由毫伏級(jí)放大到伏級(jí)，同時(shí)把信號(hào)頻率限制在0．05Hz~100Hz的通帶上，而且設(shè)計(jì)了陷波器抑制50Hz工頻干擾。心電放大電路是心電放大儀的核心部分，它直接決定了心電放大儀的成敗。 結(jié) 論睡眠呼吸暫停綜合癥是目前威脅人類(lèi)生命的主要疾病之一，而睡眠呼吸暫停綜合癥自動(dòng)分析儀國(guó)內(nèi)的自主研發(fā)目前基本是空白的，國(guó)際上也正處在研發(fā)的初級(jí)階段，應(yīng)用前景廣闊。第二節(jié) 本章小結(jié)測(cè)量調(diào)試時(shí)電路完成的真正最后一件事。陷波帶寬測(cè)量方法：不斷調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)發(fā)生器信號(hào)的頻率。三、 雙T50HZ陷波電路陷波中心頻率測(cè)量方法：不斷調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)發(fā)生器信號(hào)的頻率，尋找輸出信號(hào)幅度最低的頻率。最初測(cè)量時(shí)。第四節(jié) 本章小結(jié)本章主要介紹了心電放大器設(shè)計(jì)電路方面的問(wèn)題，基本上是分模塊來(lái)討論的，對(duì)于有多個(gè)方案電路的模塊均理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際給出了最終的解決方案，也就是實(shí)際心電放大器所用的電路。DC/DC:直流/直流轉(zhuǎn)換電路主要的目的是進(jìn)行電壓的變換及隔離因?yàn)橹绷鞑荒苤苯油ㄟ^(guò)變壓器升、降壓，所以先將直流通過(guò)開(kāi)關(guān)電路變成交流，頻率一般是幾百K，這時(shí)的交流波形沒(méi)有交流電正弦波那樣好。運(yùn)放采用正負(fù)供電，用作驅(qū)動(dòng)，防止流入地線的電流過(guò)大，仍然采用了TL084芯片作為放大器。 主級(jí)放大器實(shí)際電路圖 高通濾波電路采用了簡(jiǎn)單的一階高通濾波器，其截止頻率為。 50HZ雙T陷波電路實(shí)際電路圖三 、主級(jí)放大輸出電路主放大電路為反向放大器，因?yàn)榉聪蚍糯笃鬏^同向放大器性能更穩(wěn)定，電路設(shè)計(jì)如下圖所示。 二 、工頻50Hz的陷波電路帶阻濾波器電路是用來(lái)抑制或衰減某一頻段的信號(hào)，而讓該頻段以外的所有信號(hào)通過(guò)。第三節(jié) 心電放大器其他部分的設(shè)計(jì)一 、低通濾波電路及時(shí)間常數(shù)電路 具體電路圖如下，而測(cè)試時(shí)，將測(cè)試者的的左手與LA端相連，而右手與RA相連。心周期中某段ECG描跡在這一電極位置不明顯，而在另一位置上卻很清楚。而加上前置放大電路還需要討論導(dǎo)聯(lián)輸入，導(dǎo)聯(lián)線又稱輸入電纜線。雖然AD620的共模抑制比較高，但當(dāng)接入其他電路時(shí)，其共模抑制比會(huì)變得較低，我們?cè)谔岣吖材Ｒ种票鹊耐瑫r(shí)，也要考慮用直接降低共模信號(hào)的方法來(lái)提高其值，右腿驅(qū)動(dòng)電路就是一個(gè)很好的降低抑制共模信號(hào)的方法，在右腿接入一反向放大器，并與儀表放大相連，可以將共模信號(hào)抑制1＋K倍（K為反向放大增益），從而有效的降低了共模信號(hào)。有源屏蔽驅(qū)動(dòng)電路是將差動(dòng)式傳感器的兩個(gè)輸出經(jīng)兩個(gè)運(yùn)算放大器構(gòu)成的同相比例差動(dòng)放大后，使其輸入端的共模電壓1：1地輸出，并通過(guò)輸出端各自電阻（阻值相等）加到傳感器的兩個(gè)電纜屏蔽層上，即兩個(gè)輸入電纜的屏