【正文】 pectively. shows the elements of the cylinder with a total element number of 1937, a total node number of l948 and the element type of shell 63. The above results demonstrate that the structure design of the ER shock absorber is reasonable, and the stress distribution is uniform.5. ConclusionsThe mathematical model elaborated can not only predict the behavior of ER shock absorber with mixed mode but also develop the control algorithms for semiactive suspension systems. The method can obviously shorten the design period of a new product and reduce the cost in prototype manufacturing. In addition, the static strength analysis testifies that the stress distribution and structural design of the ER shock absorber are reasonable.AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51035030) and Applied and Basic Research in Chongqing University.譯文電流液變減振器混合模式的參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)摘要：數(shù)學(xué)模型是在混合模式的電流液變（ER）減振器下呈現(xiàn)的。C, which shows that the yield shear stress is increased exponentially with respect to the electric.3. Mathematical modelThe schematic diagram of an ER shock absorber with mixed mode is shown in Fig. 2. The motion of the piston pushes the ER fluid through the annular duct via the opening at either end of the duct. The piston is posed of a part of the annular duct moves at a velocity u. When a voltage is applied to the piston and the cylinder is connected to the ground, an electric field is created perpendicular to the fluid flow. The ER fluid is assumed to instantly change from Newtonian to Binghamplastic, so exhibit a yield stress that increases the resistance of flow through the duct. This may cause an increase in pressure drop across the piston and a shear force in the moving piston surface, which increases the resistance to piston move. In order to simplify the analysis of the ER shock absorber, it is assumed that the ER fluid is inpressible and the pressure in one chamber is uniformly distributed, at the same time, E is constant in the duct.If the piston displacement X is defined by (3)where Xmax is the maximum displacement, w is the angular frequency, the piston velocity u can be presented by (4)and the flow rate Q by (5)where is the pressure drop across the duct。 design1. IntroductionAs is known, the function of a suspension system is to support an entire vehicle at axles so as to improve ride fort by vibration absorption. It also provides handling stability in steering and acceleration as well as braking. However, the solution of the design contradiction between ride fort and handling stability can39。后懸39。title(39。)。g=。w=2.*pi.*x。m1=56。前懸39。title(39。)。g=。w=2.*pi.*x。m1=66。無(wú)數(shù)的淚水成就今天的歡樂(lè)，而一次次的困難積累著以后的成功。在緊張的學(xué)習(xí)中，通過(guò)和你們的交流，解開了無(wú)數(shù)謎團(tuán)，獲得了更多的知識(shí)。在此，向王天利老師表示衷心的感謝。剛剛開始畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)， 對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)一片迷茫，對(duì)于老師布置的任務(wù)總是做不到位，而王老師的指導(dǎo)總是含蓄而又準(zhǔn)確，這樣即培養(yǎng)了我的理解能力還解決了問(wèn)題。最后，對(duì)部分零件做出了預(yù)估性的工藝過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)于完善零件結(jié)構(gòu)，計(jì)劃產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)有輔助作用。首先，對(duì)汽車懸架進(jìn)行平順性分析，通過(guò)繪制車身加速度幅頻特性曲線，研究它們和懸架參數(shù)對(duì)汽車平順性的影響。頂部在零件安裝完畢后采用壓彎的方式壓縮成型。這種鋼的塑性很好，主要用來(lái)制造冷沖壓件。 大量生產(chǎn)減振器活塞桿的工藝過(guò)程工序號(hào)工序內(nèi)容設(shè)備說(shuō)明10下料車床20車端面打中心孔車床30粗車Φ11外圓 車床跟刀架保證工件不變形40粗車兩端Φ8外圓車床50切退刀槽以及倒角專用車床60精車所有外圓專用車床組合刀具，提高效率70去毛刺鉗工80清洗清洗機(jī)90調(diào)質(zhì)處理熱處理設(shè)備提高加工性能100中間檢驗(yàn)游標(biāo)尺、千分表檢驗(yàn)表面以及各軸尺寸，檢驗(yàn)Φ11表面直線度。彈簧在沖擊、振動(dòng)或長(zhǎng)期交應(yīng)力下使用，所以要求彈簧鋼有高的抗拉強(qiáng)度、彈性極限、高的疲勞強(qiáng)度。 工作缸和儲(chǔ)油缸材質(zhì)的選擇工作缸和儲(chǔ)油缸均由20﹟鋼的冷拔無(wú)縫鋼管制造。 底閥系拆解圖 A 俯視 B 仰視圖 底閥系 主要零件材質(zhì)的選擇 活塞桿材質(zhì)的選擇活塞桿的材質(zhì)[20]一般為35﹟或45﹟調(diào)質(zhì)鋼，進(jìn)行表面淬火。底閥系（）有3種工作狀態(tài)：1) 當(dāng)減振器處于低速壓縮行程時(shí)，底閥上腔室的油液通過(guò)上閥片中間的空隙流入到底閥體內(nèi)圈的孔道內(nèi)，與下閥片組接觸。底閥體同樣有兩組油孔，分別分布在閥體內(nèi)圈和外圈。根據(jù)汽車的工作狀況，用途可以對(duì)阻尼力大小提出要求，通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)閥片厚度以及活塞閥體孔隙大小，增大或減小阻尼力，從而達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)阻尼力你以匹配懸架系統(tǒng)以及整車的減振要求。相反行程閥片就會(huì)起到阻塞油液流通的作用；2) 當(dāng)減振器處于低速拉伸行程時(shí)，活塞閥上部油腔內(nèi)的油液由活塞閥體四周的孔隙流進(jìn)活塞閥體內(nèi)側(cè)傾斜的油孔，流入到閥體下部空腔內(nèi)。上弧形墊片2定位在活塞桿上，上閥片3活動(dòng)于上弧形墊片2與活塞閥體4之間，活塞閥體上有兩組油孔，其中一組傾斜于閥體上。流通閥和補(bǔ)償閥是一般的單向閥，其彈簧彈力很小，當(dāng)閥上的油壓作用力與彈簧彈力同向時(shí)，閥處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，而當(dāng)油壓作用力與彈簧力反向時(shí)，只要有很小的油壓，閥便能開啟。筒式減振器又可分為雙筒式、單筒式。