防火防爆技術(shù)與應(yīng)用研究畢業(yè)論文正文-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 降至臨界壓力以下，系統(tǒng)便不成為爆炸系統(tǒng)(個別氣體有反?，F(xiàn)象)。一般規(guī)律是：混合系原始溫度升高，則爆炸極限范圍增大，即下限降低、上限升高。加入惰性氣體或其他不易燃的氣體來降低濃度。在低于爆炸下限時不爆炸也不著火；在高于爆炸上限時不會爆炸，但能燃燒。：粉塵的化學(xué)性質(zhì)和組成、粒度及粒子形狀、粉塵或空氣中含水量。、爆炸、爆轟。如氯氣與氫氣混合氣體的爆炸，且爆炸并不都是化學(xué)反應(yīng)，如蒸汽鍋爐爆炸、汽車輪胎爆炸則是物理變化。爆炸的定義主要是指在爆炸發(fā)生當(dāng)時產(chǎn)生的穩(wěn)定爆轟波，也就是有一定體積的氣體在短時間內(nèi)以恒定的速率輻射性高速脹大（壓力變化），沒有指明一定要有熱量或光的產(chǎn)生，例如一種叫熵炸藥TATP（三聚過氧丙酮炸藥），其爆炸只有壓力變化和氣體生成，而不會有熱量或光的產(chǎn)生。在此過程中，空間內(nèi)的物質(zhì)以極快的速度把其內(nèi)部所含有的能量釋放出來，轉(zhuǎn)變成機械功、光和熱等能量形態(tài)。因此煙氣對環(huán)境的污染是多種毒物的復(fù)合污染?；鹧?zhèn)鞑ィ焊邷鼗鹧婵肯蜞徑奈慈蓟鞖鈱訉?dǎo)熱或傳遞活性分子將其點燃，從而使火焰得以在空間混氣中擴展和推進的過程。爆炸：指物質(zhì)在瞬間急劇氧化或分解反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生大量的熱和氣體,、蒸氣或粉末與空氣組成的混合物遇火源能發(fā)生爆炸的濃度稱爆炸極限,其最低濃度稱為爆炸下限,高于上限的,雖不爆炸,但可燃燒。 燃燒 可燃物 助燃物 點火源 圖11 燃燒三角形燃燒現(xiàn)象按其發(fā)生瞬間的特點，可分為閃燃、著火、自燃、爆燃等類型，每一種類型的燃燒各有特點。點火源：又稱著火源，是指具有一定能量,凡能夠引起可燃燒的熱能源?？扇紵镔|(zhì)大多是含碳和氫的化合物，某些金屬如鎂、鋁、鈣等在某些條件下也可以燃燒，還有許多物質(zhì)如肼、臭氧等在高溫下可以通過自己的分解而放出光和熱。 第一章 燃燒基本原理從本質(zhì)上講，燃燒室一種氧化還原反應(yīng)，它服從于化學(xué)動力學(xué)、熱力學(xué)定律以及質(zhì)量守恒等基本定律，但其放熱、發(fā)光、發(fā)煙等基本特征表面它不同于一般的氧化還原反應(yīng)，根據(jù)這些特征，可以區(qū)別燃燒現(xiàn)象與其他氧化現(xiàn)象。防爆基本技術(shù)與措施，就是根據(jù)科學(xué)原理和實踐經(jīng)驗，對火災(zāi)爆炸危險場所采取的預(yù)防、控制和消除措施。 本文對防火防爆的研究主要是根據(jù)燃燒與爆炸的基本原理，根據(jù)這一原理來達到我們想要的目的：即減少火災(zāi)與爆炸事故的發(fā)生個概率。peace and security.Analyses the basic principle of bustion explosion, so as to achieve requirements for fire and explosion prevention. Used for fire and explosion prevention principle, knowledge, research and investigation, and achieve the goal of eventually.Fire and explosion for the human society has always been a great creative and destructive power, and in the production and life, once out of control, will lead to disaster, and fire and explosion accidents often can cause heavy personal casualties and huge property losses. With the rapid development of modern construction, bustible and explosive items are widely used in all walks of life, especially in petroleum, chemical, mining, fire and other industries, risk is bigger. Now, fire and explosion accident prevention is still the world focuses on safety issue.With the highspeed development of economy and the rapid development of science and technology, technology for fire and explosion prevention development will also change, people begin to study of technology for fire and explosion prevention, reduce the fire explosion accident probability to a minimum limit.Technical measures for fire and explosion protection technology measures.Basic technical measures, fire prevention is based on the principle of the scientific and practical experience, the fire risk prevention, control and elimination measures.Explosionproof basic technical measures, according to the principle of material burning explosion, explosionproof basic technical measures taken to prevent the fire explosion accident of the fundamental point is: the control of the fuel and oxidizer concentration, temperature, pressure and mixed contact conditions, avoid the perilous state of the material in the bums, take various means to cut off, stop the fire explosion disasters, in the design of all kinds of buildings, strengthening fire blast resistance ability, can make the building more durable and more secure.Keywords:防火基本技術(shù)措施，就是根據(jù)科學(xué)原理和實踐經(jīng)驗，對火災(zāi)危險所采取的預(yù)防、控制和消除措施。 火災(zāi)和爆炸對于人類社會一直是具有巨大創(chuàng)造性和破壞性的力量，在生產(chǎn)和生活中，一旦失去控制，就會釀成災(zāi)害，而且火災(zāi)和爆炸事故往往能造成慘重的人身傷亡和巨大的財產(chǎn)損失。. . .
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