【正文】 t if I choose Alpha and my pair chooses Beta,要是我選α我對手選βI get an A and she gets a C.我得A 她得CAnd if I choose Beta and she chooses Alpha,如果我選β她選αthen it39。ll see what I mean.我來做個示范 你就明白我的意思了What I39。s another way of organizing this that39。s look at what my pair will do, what my pair will get.我們再看看我對手 她會得到什么成績So I should warn the people sitting at the back提醒一下坐在后面的人that my handwriting is pretty bad, that39。m going to put my grades.我把我的成績填到表格里So my grade if we both put Alpha is B, if we both put Beta, was B+.如果我們都選α我得B 都選β我得B+If I put Alpha and she put a Beta, I got an A,如果我選α她選β 我得Aand if I put Beta and she put an Alpha, I got a C.如果我選β她選α 那么我得CIs that correct? That39。m going to do is I39。re playing first.我們先記錄一下這個游戲的內(nèi)容So this is our grade game, and what I39。s just collect this information in a more useful way.先有效地整理一下這些信息So I39。re paired with Alpha,如果你選β你對手選αyou39。s how the grades may be assigned for the class.按如下方法給出你們的成績Well they won39。ll have a . do it, it39。s a fun class,為什么這門課很有趣is the nice thing about teaching Game Theory因為學(xué)習(xí)博弈論 quieten down folks大家安靜一下one thing about teaching Game Theory is, you get to play games,在課堂上我們通過一些游戲來學(xué)習(xí)博弈and that39。s what the reputation of the class is.我也希望這門課是這樣的If you think this class is going to be easy,你要是認為這門課挺簡單I think it isn39。t we send the , with or without mikes,我們把表交給助教吧up and down the aisles and collect in your Game 1。m not taking a cut on that either, all right,我不會從中得到提成there39。s a good book and what39。s book, Strategies.試試喬爾?沃森的《策略》Both of those books are available at the bookstore.這兩本書在書店都有賣的But I want to warn everybody ahead of time,不過我先提個醒I will not be following the textbook.我不會完全參照課本I regard these books as safety nets.課本只不過是救命稻草If you don39。ll squeeze the middle to make them be more B39。m going to squeeze it a bit,但我可能稍微壓縮下分數(shù)段I39。ll be every week.差不多每周都有課堂作業(yè)The grade distribution:有關(guān)分數(shù)的分布all right, so this is the rough grade distribution.我介紹下大體的分數(shù)的分布Roughly speaking, a sixth of the class are going to end up with A39。期中考試在十月十七日that is also in your syllabus.教學(xué)大綱上也寫了Please don39。s go on doing a bit more admin.還沒有 那我們多介紹下評分標準The thing you mostly care about i39。m hoping these guys are being paid雖然我也希望他們會得到酬勞but me and the are not being paid.但至少我和助教們是沒有酬勞的The aim of this, that I think is a good aim, it39。s any consolation, it39。re going to have I think the same two people,看到這兩名工作人員so Jude is the cameraman。s a catch, the catch is,但是這會有個條件that that means you have to sign that legal release form.你們都要簽署授權(quán)書So you39。re going to be seen on film,有時候你會被拍攝到so the camera is actually going to e around and point in your direction.此時攝像機會轉(zhuǎn)到你所在的方向Now I really want this to happen.我希望大家多多配合I had to argue for this to happen, cause I really feel that我來解釋一下我的理由 我覺得this class isn39。re going to be learning from each other,我們相互學(xué)習(xí) 這樣看視頻的學(xué)生and I want you to help people watching at home to be able to learn too.也能收到良好的教學(xué)效果And that means you39。re going to be participating in it.大家都要參與到課程中來The way we teach this class is we39。s talk about a bit of admin.我們接下來談?wù)勗u分標準How are you doing on filling out those games?這兩個游戲你們填好了沒有Everyone managing to multitask.每個人都要學(xué)會一心多用啊Filling in Game 1? Keep writing.還在填游戲1 好吧 繼續(xù)填I(lǐng) want to get some admin out of the way我們繼續(xù)講評分標準and I want to start by getting out of the way不過我得先介紹一下what is obviously the elephant in the room.教室里的大家伙Some of you will have noticed that there39。m going to say for preview right now.好了 暫時就先介紹這么多We39。re not price takers but they take the demand curve.他們不是價格接受者 但面對需求曲線Is this looking familiar for some of you who can remember對于你們這些學(xué)過經(jīng)濟學(xué)115的來說doing 115 last year or maybe two years ago for some of you?這些聽起來都不陌生吧Everything in between is strategic.介于這兩種情況之間的就是策略形勢So everything that constitutes imperfect petition也就是說 不完全競爭的情況is a strategic setting.就是策略形勢Think about the motor industry, the motor car industry.比如汽車產(chǎn)業(yè) 在汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)里Ford has to worry about what GM is doing and what Toyota is doing,福特關(guān)注通用和豐田的決策and for the moment at least現(xiàn)在可能暫時what Chrysler is doing but perhaps not for long.還得關(guān)注克萊斯勒的決策So there39。s not a strategic situation.我們先看看什么不屬于策略形勢In your Economics in your Intro Economics class in 115 or 110,在你們經(jīng)濟學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課115或者110中you saw some pretty good examples of situations that were not strategic.應(yīng)該講過一些不是策略形勢的案例You saw firms working in perfect petition.比如說自由競爭企業(yè)Firms in perfect petition are price takers:這些企業(yè)是價格接受者they don39。re filling that out, let me tell you a little你們一邊寫一邊聽我說bit about what we39。ll describe a bit about the class我來簡單介紹下這門課程and we39。 everyone should have four handouts.你們每人都應(yīng)該有四頁講義 人手一份There is a legal release form里面有一張授權(quán)書we39。So this is Game Theory Economics 159.歡迎來到經(jīng)濟學(xué)159 博弈論If you39。 but this is Game Theory, okay.沒準你會喜歡這門課 這里是博弈論You should have four handouts。re thinking about it, i am hoping you can multitask a bit.你們一邊思考一邊聽我說I39。re using it as a fan here他們用那張紙扇風(fēng)呢So look at Game 1 and fill out that form for me, okay?快瀏覽下游戲1 然后填完 好嗎So while you39。s start off with what39。s not a particularly strategic situation.所以這也不是策略形勢They39。s as much as I39。re actually going to see some examples of我們會探討一下Game Theory as applied to evolution.博弈論應(yīng)用于生物進化論的案例And not surprisingly, Game Theory applies to sport.而且毫不奇怪 博弈論適用于體育So let39。s going to different about this class is that這門課的不同之處在于you39。re going to talk among the class,課上會有隨堂討論 課堂交流and you39。m going to have one of the go to you with a microphone我會請一位助教拿著麥克風(fēng)到你那much like in Donahue Or something. Okay.就想多納休那樣At certain times, you39。s about you teaching each other and participating.但你們也要參與到課堂中來But there39。re sitting next to your exgirlfriend,還有前女友就坐在旁邊的now would be a good time to put a paper bag over your head.趕快找個紙袋子把臉給蒙上All right, now just to get you used to the idea,還要說一下 每節(jié)課我們都會in every class we39。re ther