【正文】
用反變量表示,然后將各與項(xiàng)相或,即可得到下面的方程: 以上3個(gè)邏輯函數(shù)可用多種方法實(shí)現(xiàn),本設(shè)計(jì)中選用四選一的數(shù)據(jù)選擇器74LS153來實(shí)現(xiàn),這種實(shí)現(xiàn)方法比較簡單。74LS163的外引線排列圖和時(shí)序波形圖如圖5所示,其功能表如表2所示。 當(dāng)VI1<2/3VCC,VI2<1/3VCC時(shí),比較器C1輸出高電平,比較器C2輸出低電平,基本RS觸發(fā)器置1,G3輸出低電平,放電三極管TD截止,定時(shí)器輸出高電平。555定時(shí)器工作時(shí)過程分析如下: ,比較器C1和C2的比較電壓為:UR1=2/3VCC、UR2=1/3VCC。S0、SSS3狀態(tài)分別分配狀態(tài)編碼為00、011,由此得到控制器的狀態(tài),如表1所示。此時(shí)A車道禁止車輛通行,B車道允許車輛通行,當(dāng)B車道綠燈亮夠規(guī)定時(shí)間后,控制器發(fā)出狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換信號(hào),系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)狀態(tài)。當(dāng)A車道綠燈亮夠規(guī)定的時(shí)間后,控制器發(fā)出狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換信號(hào),系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)狀態(tài)。因此,用定時(shí)器分別產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)時(shí)間間隔后,向控制器發(fā)出“時(shí)間已到”的信號(hào),控制器根據(jù)定時(shí)器的信號(hào),決定是否進(jìn)行狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。定時(shí)時(shí)間到,TL=1,否則TL=0。系統(tǒng)主要由秒脈沖信號(hào)發(fā)生器、定時(shí)器、控制器、譯碼器、信號(hào)燈顯示器組成。其中,秒脈沖信號(hào)發(fā)生器用于給各個(gè)組成部分提供脈沖信號(hào),通過定時(shí)器向控制器發(fā)出三種定時(shí)信號(hào),使相應(yīng)的發(fā)光二極管發(fā)光。值得一提的是,西安市正處在全面向國際化大都市發(fā)展的攻堅(jiān)時(shí)期,城市交通的運(yùn)作狀況也將成為一項(xiàng)重要的考驗(yàn)。盡管如此,交通問題仍然存在,如何妥善解決交通問題,尋求人、車、路三者協(xié)調(diào)已成為交通管理部門急需解決的重要問題之一。高速道路沒有發(fā)揮出預(yù)期的作用。使交管人員有更多的精力投入到管理整個(gè)城市交通控制,帶來更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益,為創(chuàng)造美好的城市交通形象發(fā)揮更多的作用。在交通中管理引入單片機(jī)交通燈控制代替交管人員在交叉路口服務(wù),有助于提高交通運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩?、提高交通管理的服?wù)質(zhì)量。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,交通運(yùn)輸中出現(xiàn)了一些傳統(tǒng)方法難以解決的問題。綠燈是通行信號(hào),面對(duì)綠燈的車輛可以直行,左轉(zhuǎn)彎和右轉(zhuǎn)彎,除非另一種標(biāo)志禁止某一種轉(zhuǎn)向。紅外線紅綠燈當(dāng)行人踏上對(duì)壓力敏感的路面時(shí),它就能察覺到有人要過馬路。這種紅綠燈由紅綠黃三色圓形的投光器組成,安裝在紐約市5號(hào)大街的一座高塔上。1868年,英國機(jī)械工程師納伊特在倫敦威斯敏斯特區(qū)的議會(huì)大廈前的廣場(chǎng)上,安裝了世界上最早的煤氣紅綠燈。an,710065)Abstract:This system is based on the traffic lights mand system for mediumscale integrated circuits, the use of digital logic circuits, sequential circuits to achieve control in order to achieve mand and control traffic on the crossroads of traffic red, yellow, green. The system consists of a main part of the second pulse signal generators, timers, controllers, signal conversion circuit, lights displays, etc., can realize the automatic control on the crossroads of traffic, which allows the crossroads of A, B lane circulation passage 25 seconds, and in respective have five seconds of yellow light waiting time before each pass.Transportation and other more practical design, easy to understand. Combined with the general principle of the production of traffic lights, under the framework of the design requirements and give full play to their understanding of digital circuits, and design their own program: a simple model based on the traffic light system for mediumscale integrated circuits.Key words: traffic lights; traffic control; digi