【正文】 m efficiently with management visit limits of authority, server database is also safe. Now in my courtyard, net ( Intranet ) , outer net ( Internet ) with Beijing eastern clear big pany law case and the management software of official business is the structural management software of B/S , policemen each working station in local area network pass through WWW browser can realize working business. Especially in JAVA step platform language appearance after, the configuration management software of B/S is more facilitated , is shortcut, efficient. (3) The management software technology of main stream. The technology of main stream of management software technology is as management thought , have also gone through 3 develop period. First, interface technology goes to Windows graph interface ( or graph user interface GUI ) from last century DOS character interface, till Browser browser interface 3 differences develop period. Secondly, today own the browser interface of puter, is not only visual and is easy to use , what is more major is that any its style of application software based on browser platform is as, make the requirement of choosing a person for the job for operating training not high and software operability is strong , is easy to distinguish。s task is to accept the request that Web server controls for database, realization is inquired and modified for database , update etc. function, submit operation result to Web server. Careful analysis is been easy to see , the architecture of Browser/Server of threelayer is the handling of general affairs of the two levels of structure of Client/Server logic modular from the task of client puter in split , from the first floor of individual position bear the pressure of its task and such client puter have alleviated greatly, distribute load balancedly and have given Web server, so from the structural change of Client/server of original two floor the structure of Browser/Server of threelayer. This kind of threelayer architecture following picture shows. This kind of structure not only client puter from heavy burden and the requirement of performance that rises continuously for it in liberation e out , also defend technology people from heavy maintenance upgrading work in free oneself. Since client puter handles general affairs , logic partial minutes have given function server, make client puter right off slender a lot of, do not take the responsibility for handling plex calculation and data again visit etc. crucial general affairs, is responsible to show part, so, maintenance people do not rush about again for the maintenance work of program between every client puter, and put major energy in the program on function server update work. Between this kind of threelayer structural layer and layer, the mutually independent change of any first floor does not affect the function of other layer. It has changed the defect of the two levels of architecture of Client/Server of tradition from foundation, it is the transform with deep once in application systematic architecture. The contrast of two architecturesThe architecture of Browser/Server and the architecture of Client/Server pare with all advantages that not only have the architecture of Client/Server and also have the architecture of Clinet/Server the unique advantage that place does not have: Open standard: The standard adopted by Client/Server only in department unification for but, it39。 Also, customer one side must also have certain hardware and corresponding customer software. There must be a agreement between server and customer, both sides municate according to this agreement. Apply customer / server model in Internet service , the relation between customer and server is not immutable. Some Internet node offers service on the one hand , also gets service on the other hand from other node。但是，應(yīng)用服務(wù)器運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)負(fù)荷較重，一旦發(fā)生服務(wù)器“崩潰”等問(wèn)題，后果不堪設(shè)想。所以服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的選擇是很多的，不管選用那種操作系統(tǒng)都可以讓大部分人使用windows作為桌面操作系統(tǒng)電腦不受影響，這就使的最流行免費(fèi)的Linux操作系統(tǒng)快速發(fā)展起來(lái)，Linux除了操作系統(tǒng)是免費(fèi)的以外，連數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)也是免費(fèi)的，這種選擇非常盛行。因此，維護(hù)和升級(jí)革命的方式是“瘦”客戶(hù)機(jī)，“胖”服務(wù)器。對(duì)一個(gè)稍微大一點(diǎn)單位來(lái)說(shuō)，系統(tǒng)管理人員如果需要在幾百甚至上千部電腦之間來(lái)回奔跑，效率和工作量是可想而知的，但B/S架構(gòu)的軟件只需要管理服務(wù)器就行了，所有的客戶(hù)端只是瀏覽器，根本不需要做任何的維護(hù)。其次，傳統(tǒng)的C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件需要針對(duì)不同的操作系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)不同版本的軟件，由于產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代十分快，代價(jià)高和低效率已經(jīng)不適應(yīng)工作需要。在客戶(hù)服務(wù)器架構(gòu)的應(yīng)用中，前臺(tái)程序不是非?！笆菪　保闊┑氖虑槎冀唤o了服務(wù)器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。一旦服務(wù)器程序被啟動(dòng)，就隨時(shí)等待響應(yīng)客戶(hù)程序發(fā)來(lái)的請(qǐng)求；客戶(hù)應(yīng)用程序運(yùn)行在用戶(hù)自己的電腦上，對(duì)應(yīng)于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器，可稱(chēng)為客戶(hù)電腦，當(dāng)需要對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行任何操作時(shí)，客戶(hù)程序就自動(dòng)地尋找服務(wù)器程序，并向其發(fā)出請(qǐng)求，服務(wù)器程序根據(jù)預(yù)定的規(guī)則作出應(yīng)答，送回結(jié)果，應(yīng)用服務(wù)器運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)負(fù)荷較輕。這兩種技術(shù)都有自己一定的市場(chǎng)份額和客戶(hù)群，各家企業(yè)都說(shuō)自己的管理軟件架構(gòu)技術(shù)功能強(qiáng)大、先進(jìn)、方便，都能舉出各自的客戶(hù)群體，都有一大群文人墨客為自己搖旗吶喊，廣告滿(mǎn)天飛，可謂仁者見(jiàn)仁，智者見(jiàn)智C/S架構(gòu)軟件的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì) (1)應(yīng)用服務(wù)器運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)負(fù)荷較輕。首先，界面技術(shù)從上世紀(jì)DOS字符界面到Windows圖形界面(或圖形用戶(hù)界面GUI)，直至Browser瀏覽器界面三個(gè)不同的發(fā)展時(shí)期。目前我院內(nèi)網(wǎng)(Intranet)、外網(wǎng)(Internet)和北京東方清大公司“案件、辦公管理軟件”就是B/S 結(jié)構(gòu)管理軟件，干警在局域網(wǎng)各工作站通過(guò)WWW瀏覽器就能實(shí)現(xiàn)工作業(yè)務(wù)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)下，用戶(hù)工作界面是通過(guò)WWW瀏覽器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，極少部分事務(wù)邏輯在前端(Browser)實(shí)現(xiàn)，但是主要事務(wù)邏輯在服務(wù)器端(Server)實(shí)現(xiàn)，形成所謂三層3tier結(jié)構(gòu)。如我院使用的上海超蘭公司“案件統(tǒng)計(jì)”管理軟件就是典型的C/S體系結(jié)構(gòu)管理軟件。這也就是目前應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向。(1)什么是C/S結(jié)構(gòu)。Browser/Server系統(tǒng)在客戶(hù)機(jī)與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器之間增加了一層Web服務(wù)器，使兩者不再直接相連，客戶(hù)機(jī)無(wú)法直接對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操縱，有效地防止用戶(hù)的非法入侵。Browser/Server的客戶(hù)端不再負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的存取和復(fù)雜數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算的等任務(wù)，只需要其進(jìn)行顯示，充分發(fā)揮了服務(wù)器的強(qiáng)大作用，這樣就大大的降低了對(duì)客戶(hù)端的要求，客戶(hù)端變得非?！笆荨薄rowser/Server的應(yīng)用只需在客戶(hù)端裝有通用的瀏覽器即可，維護(hù)和升級(jí)工作都在服務(wù)器端進(jìn)行，不需對(duì)客戶(hù)端進(jìn)行任何改變，故而大大降低了開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)的成本。它從根本上改變了傳統(tǒng)的二層Client/Server體系結(jié)構(gòu)的缺陷，它是應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)中一次深刻的變革。這種三層體系結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示。第三層　數(shù)據(jù)層：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器。它的任務(wù)是由Web瀏覽器向網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的某一Web服務(wù)器提出服務(wù)請(qǐng)求，Web服務(wù)器對(duì)用戶(hù)身份進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證后用HTTP協(xié)議把所需的主頁(yè)傳送給客戶(hù)端，客戶(hù)機(jī)接受傳來(lái)的主頁(yè)文件，并把它顯示在Web瀏覽器上。 在Browser/Server的系統(tǒng)中，用戶(hù)可以通過(guò)瀏覽器向分布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的許多服務(wù)器發(fā)出請(qǐng)求。同時(shí)，由于把許多業(yè)務(wù)邏輯集中到了單一的應(yīng)用服務(wù)器上，應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)工作也被集中到了一起，消除了傳統(tǒng)Client/Server結(jié)構(gòu)中軟件分發(fā)的問(wèn)題?？蛻?hù)應(yīng)用是原來(lái)客戶(hù)應(yīng)用的一部分，另一部分被移入服務(wù)器應(yīng)用中。將客戶(hù)/服務(wù)器模型應(yīng)用于Internet服務(wù)， 客戶(hù)與服務(wù)器之間的關(guān)系并不是一成不變的。對(duì)于一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，它可以具有雙重功能，在某一時(shí)刻充當(dāng)服務(wù)器，而在另一時(shí)刻又成為客戶(hù)機(jī)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)各站點(diǎn)主機(jī)上資源（硬件、軟件、數(shù)據(jù)）分步不均衡，在客戶(hù)/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)下，無(wú)資源的客戶(hù)機(jī)通過(guò)向有資源的服務(wù)器發(fā)出請(qǐng)求，并得到資源請(qǐng)求，從而適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中資源分布的不均衡性。C/S體系結(jié)構(gòu)即client/server，客戶(hù)端/服務(wù)器端。 淮 陰 工 學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯學(xué) 院：計(jì)算機(jī)工程學(xué)院專(zhuān) 業(yè)：通信工程姓 名：鄭啟航學(xué) 號(hào)：1081302234外文出處：Professional Web Services(用外文寫(xiě))Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal附 件：；。目前在應(yīng)用中常用到的有兩種：C/S體系結(jié)構(gòu)和B/S體系結(jié)構(gòu)。從技術(shù)上看，它本身是一個(gè)邏輯概念，是指將一個(gè)應(yīng)用分解成多個(gè)任務(wù)分別執(zhí)行，共同完成整個(gè)應(yīng)用任務(wù)的功能。而服務(wù)器通常執(zhí)行后臺(tái)功能，管理共享的外設(shè)，接受并回答用戶(hù)的請(qǐng)求等。在服務(wù)器和客戶(hù)之間必須有一個(gè)協(xié)議，雙方根據(jù)這個(gè)協(xié)議進(jìn)行通信。多層的客戶(hù)/