【正文】 it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded. ，否則不要在合同中重復(fù)陳述某個(gè)內(nèi)容。 they are easily forgotten. Also keep your client’s outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them. ，以便記下需要添加的條款。當(dāng)然，合同主體的第一段也可以加上引述語(yǔ)并陳述其是真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確的，如果這樣做了，合同雙方將來就不會(huì)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)：引述語(yǔ)作為合同的一部分是否具有法律效力？ 13. Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order. The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion. It is not necessary to write them all at once。 11. Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed. It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate. 。為便于閱讀，一般要在合同的第一段為雙方弄一個(gè)別稱，如：馬丁。 8. State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most mon problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., ., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated. 。類似意向書的范例見附錄C。起草合同時(shí)，你可以把這些范本當(dāng)做原始資料，利用其中某些典型的條款和措詞。通常你會(huì)在你的電腦上找到你想要的東西，這些類似的合同范本要么是你給其他客戶準(zhǔn)備的，要么是你和其他的律師共同協(xié)商起草的。和客戶聊這些情況將有助于你發(fā)現(xiàn)一些你可能沒有考慮到的問題。如何寫好英文合同(中英文對(duì)照)Before You Write the First Word第一部分：在動(dòng)筆之前 1. Ask your client to list the deal points. This can be in the form of a list, outline or narration. Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the agreement. ，也可以說是合同的清單、目錄或概述。好的合同不僅能夠預(yù)見到許多可能發(fā)生的情況，而且還能清楚地描述出發(fā)生這些情況后合同雙方的立場(chǎng)。 4. Search your office puter or the Internet for a similar form. Many times you can find a similar form on your puter. It may be one you prepared for another client or one you negotiated with another lawyer. Just remember to find and replace the old client’s name. Starting with an existing form saves time and avoids the errors of typing. 。典型的合同范本在一些范例書中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文書（全國(guó)版）佛羅里達(dá)州文書期刊，另外，在有些論文和佛羅里達(dá)州律師協(xié)會(huì)的法律繼續(xù)教育出版物中也可以找到一些。有時(shí)候，在合同未準(zhǔn)備好之前，客戶為了表示誠(chéng)意，往往急于簽署某些東西，當(dāng)然，在這種情況下，如果客戶急于簽署的是有特別申明的意向書，這也是可以的，但一定要注明：本意向書并非合同，只是雙方為了更好地溝通協(xié)商，而擬定的對(duì)未來?xiàng)l款的概述。像房子一樣，一個(gè)合同必須有一個(gè)牢固的根基。 9. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin would be nicknamed Martin. （簡(jiǎn)稱）。同樣，除非你想讓一方當(dāng)事人成為法定上的代理人，否則不要稱其為代理人，如果堅(jiān)持要用，最好明確一下代理范圍并找到其他可以避免將來爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的方案。書寫此類條款的目的是為了讓讀者（通常指合同雙方，法官，陪審團(tuán)）很快地了解到合同的主要內(nèi)容是什么，合同雙方是誰，以及他們?yōu)槭裁春炗喓贤?，等等?15. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down on a pad as you write。 16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once。另外，如果你想通過一個(gè)例子來闡明一個(gè)難以理解的概念或規(guī)則時(shí)，一定要考慮到其所有的含義、這個(gè)例子的準(zhǔn)確性以及它和概念的相符性。一個(gè)仍在聯(lián)邦法院里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字，但標(biāo)有建議書的文件并非合同。 19. Write in active tense, rather than passive. Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of active: Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer. Example of passive: The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller. 。 20. Don’t use the word biweekly. It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to bimonthly. Instead, write every other week or twice a week. “雙周”之類的詞，因?yàn)檫@有可能產(chǎn)生歧義是兩周還是每隔一周？類似的詞還有雙月,所以最好這樣寫:兩周或每隔一周。 22. Don’t say Lessor and Lessee. These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped. Use Landlord and Tenant instead. The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee,