【正文】 ountable noun, and accordingly, we can not put the inflectional morpheme s after it to indicate the plu。 home, I met some of my friend in my childhood. （拜訪祖父母時，我碰到了兒時的一些玩伴。 Kasper (1993) scrutinized apology realization by Thai learners of English by means of 20 DCT situations. The result demonstrated that 50% of the responses cluster on the transfer side. Among these transfer features the Thai learners mapped into English included six situations of the Thai verbal redress. In China, there are also a lot of monographs and articles related to this aspects, such as Discussion on Pragmatic Transfer (Pang Haolong 2000), Pragmatic Transfer Phenomenon in Second Language Acquisition(Li Xiangqin 2001), Pragmatic Transfer and Its Implications for English Teaching (Wei Yuyan 2001), Research of Pragmatic Failure in China(Sun Ya and Dai Ling 2002), Pragmatic Utility Investigation in Positive and Negative Pragmatic Transfer and Foreign Language (Yang Wenhui 2004), Language Transfer and Second Language Acquisition(Yu Li ming 2004), Pragmatic Transfer from Mother Tongue Phenomena Causing Pragmatic Failure Analysis(Li Ping 2006) and Pragmatic Transfer in Intercultural Language Communication (Zhang Bigang and Xia Hongzhong 2008). All these present people a general outlook about negative pragmatic transfer.Chapter 2 Manifestations of Negative Pragmatic Transfer in Intercultural Communication Negative pragmatic transfer in Intercultural munication often occurs at two large aspects, namely language aspects and social aspects. To understand negative pragmatic transfer rightly, it39。 Kasper launched a “CCSARP (crosslinguistic speech acts realization patterns) Project” with a focus on mainly the German and Danish learners of British English for the purpose of locating deviations in the choice of directness levels in five request situations. They discovered that, among other things, both German and Danish learners of British English deviated from the British norm and followed their L1 norms in the choice of directness of the request in two of the five situations. For example, these L2 learners turned to use direct imperatives, while the British used less direct preparatory questions. Besides, in terms of internal and external modifications, analyses of the data suggested that negative pragmalinguistic transfer should be observed in that both learners use fewer syntactic downgraders. Finally, transfer operated differently between these two groups of learners in that more supportive moves by the Danish learners of English were identified in cases where the German learners of English employed frequently consultative devices.House(1988) echoed Scarcella by executing her study among her German students learning British English. In apology realization, these Germanspeaking learners were observed to have transplanted their German municative styles, for these learners were less inclined to use routine apology expressions such as sorry as by the British.Garcia(1989) replicated a study among some Venezuelan Spanish speakers on the realization of the apology speech act. Different from the obove studies, Garcia39。 BlumKulka 1993:15).Intercultural Communication occurs whenever people of different cultural backgrounds e into contact with each other. When people use language to municate, they should not only ply with the rules of the language, but also be abided by the rules of the language used, which means that what people speak out must ply with the munication situation and the social culture , customs and habits of this country , otherwise a pragmatic transfer will occur. Then pragmatic failure is caused in crosscultural munication (Liu Jianhuai 2009). On the other hand, negetive pragmatic transfer also impede the munication between the native language and the target language. It is usually regarded as playing an interfering role in intercultural munication. The theories on negative pragmatic transfer have been studied ever it was put up. Some scholars who study pragmatic failure from the perspective of second language acquisition regard the negative pragmatic transfer as the main source of pragmatic failure. Lu Wenhua and Lu Jianji(1993) as well as Dai Weidong and Zhang Hongling(2000) hold that the pragmatic rules of a native language are acquired ever since people were born. They are deeply rooted and subconsciously influence people39。 covers the widest field, this term seems to be generally preferred now. (1993:144). That is the reason why we have employed the term intercultural here.Samovar claimed that intercultural munication occurs whenever a message that must been understood is produced by a member of one culture for consumption by a member of another culture.(1994:19). And intercultural munication refers to the munication between people from two different culture.(Chen Guoming amp。s knowledge about the illocutionary force or politeness value assigned to particular linguistic form functions in NL which, when mapped by learners into the perception and production of a similar situation in TL sounds different to native speakers. To put it another way, a pragmalinguistic transfer is the process whereby the illocutionary force or politeness value assigned to a particular linguistic material in NL, influences learners39。s dichotomy, Kasper saw it fit to introduce both terms to categorize the learners39。 general municative knowledge, that is, knowledge of how verbal acts are understood and performed in accordance with a speaker39。 understanding of negative transfer, to encourage learners to think in native ways and to pare the difference between the Chinese and Western culture. It is hoped that the analysis of negative pragmatic transfer in this thesis will be extremely useful in effectively breaking cultural barriers and for enhancing mutual understanding between China and the Western countries.Organization of the ThesisThere are five parts