【正文】 lls the story, often called the storyteller. But the narrator is not necessary the novelist. Even when the novel is written in the first person, the “I” is not the novelist, but a person invented by the novelist. The logic is that a fictional world, if disturbed by a real person, will collapse.Addresser 3 Message Addressee 3Addresser 1 Message Addressee 1Chapter Five Point of View中標人投標文件的有效性不受此限。5采用的幣種人民幣6投 標 人資質(zhì)等級要求具備房地產(chǎn)咨詢、策劃等營業(yè)許可。Style is the dress of thought。 “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” Jonathan Swift’s remarks lead us generally to thinking of modes of expression of a piece of fiction as the most characteristic of the author’s style. Thus style generally refers to how the author uses language in his/her work: to the author’s particular ways of managing words that we e to recognize as habitual or customary. A distinctive style marks the work of a fine writer: we can tell Latin expression: Stilus virus arguit (“The style proclaims the man”), and for this matter we are familiar with the experience of trying to guess the author of a piece of writing on the evidence of his/her language. Actually, style is a bination of two elements, the idea to be expressed and the linguistic traits or characteristics of the author. It is, as . Lowell said, “the establishment of a perfect mutual understanding between the worker and his material”. Firstperson point of view (the grasshopper being the narrator).In what point of view is the fable narrated?“I sang from dawn till dark,” replied the grasshopper, happily unaware of what was ing next.Weary in every limb, the ant tugged over the snow a piece of corn he had stored up last summer. It viewpoint is strategically important at this point in the novel. He does not realize that his wife is Deixis But note that even in this straightforward description, the village of WeydonPiors gets definite The first mention of the man (and by implication the woman) and the child have indefinite In this passage from . Lawrence’s Fanny and Annie, the valueladen adjectives grimy and sordid in grimy, branchline carriage and sordid little station under the furnaces help mark the description of Morley railway station as being from the viewpoint of Fanny, who clearly disapproves. Viewpoint is also schemaoriented. It is worth noting that different participants in the same situation will have different SCHEMAs, related to their different viewpoints. Hence shopkeepers and their customers will have shop schemas which in many respects will be mirror images of one another, and the success of shopkeepers will depend in part on their being able to take into account the schemas and points of view of their customers.The omniscient narrator knows everything whereas the selective omniscient narrator knows something. The objective narrator does not tell but shows. He is like a camera that goes from scene to scene and records what can be recorded for the reader. This kind of point of view is also called the dramatic point of view because the reader is like the audience in a theater. The innocenteye narrator understands what he is relating less than the reader does. Therefore, his narration is capable of irony.Point of view can be divided by the narrator’s relation with the events—whether the narrator participates or not: the participant narrator and the nonparticpant narrator.In the firstnarrative, the narrator appears in the novel as “I” or “me”. He may tell a story in which he himself is the hero as in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, or he may tell a story in which he is only a minor character as in The Great Gatsby. Anyway, the narrator is a participant in the events. By assuming the identity as “I”, the narrator endears himself to the reader while he has to sacrifice the privilege of omniscience.Kinds of Point of View(Character A) (Character B)(Novelist) (reader)The issue of point of view is highly philosophical, because it concerns the relation between the novelist and the “facts” in the novel, the relation between the novelist and the reader, and the relation between the novel and the reader. The point of view is the attitude or outlook of a narrator or character in a piece of literature, or it is the relationship between the narrator and the narrated. Metaphorically, a point of view is a standpoint from which the narrator sees the story and how he intends the reader to see the story. When we open a novel, we open a window to life. What a vision the novel provides largely depends on the point of view.lanternlit house greatly contributes to the reader’s sense of unease, and so helps to build the story’s effectiveness. Another example is Lawrence’s “The Horse Dealer’s Daughter,” the description at the beginning of which contributes much to the atmosphere of the story.Chapter Five Point of ViewAddresser 1 Message Addressee 1Addresser 3 Message Addressee 3A narrator is the one who tells the story, often called the storyteller. But the narrator is not necessary the novelist. Even when the novel is written in the first person, the “I” is not the novelist, but a person invented by the novelist. The logic is that a fictional world, if disturbed by a real person, will collapse.The person who tells the story may also be a character in the fictional world of the story, relating the story after the event. In this case the critics call the narrator a FIRSTPERSON NARRATOR or INARRATOR because when the narrator refers to himself or herself in the story the first person pronoun I is used.In the thirdperson narrative, the narrator does not actually appear and all the characters are referred to as “he” or “they”. As a hidden observer, the narrator is privileged to kno