【正文】 的研究內(nèi)容，主要目的是提高播土厚度均勻度。但是，播床土和覆表土作業(yè)在育秧生產(chǎn)中也很重要，床土和表土的厚度會影響秧苗質(zhì)量。 水稻種植技術(shù)的多樣性我國不僅水稻的種植模式多樣，而且各地適宜種植的水稻品種也有很大差異，浙江、江蘇、湖南等省是國內(nèi)擁有水稻品種較多的省份，按照水稻品種的不同可歸為三類：常規(guī)稻、雜交稻、超級稻。 在種植模式上雖然國外經(jīng)濟發(fā)達國家均實現(xiàn)了單一的機械化模式，如美國、澳大利亞、意大利實現(xiàn)了直播機械化，日本、韓國選擇了以機械插秧為主的移栽機械化；而我國則由于稻作區(qū)域及其相應(yīng)的種植制度差異，沒有統(tǒng)一種植模式，種植模式處于多樣化。 直播是美國、澳大利亞、意大利以及其它一些歐洲國家水稻種植的主要形式，它具有作業(yè)效率高，勞動強度低，生產(chǎn)作業(yè)成本低，尤其是節(jié)省水資源等顯著特點，因此適合于大規(guī)模種植。近年來，我國水稻生產(chǎn)機械化發(fā)展很快，到 2007 年水稻總體水平約為 %左右，總體趨勢是南方比北方低，農(nóng)村比農(nóng)墾低，黑龍江墾區(qū)水稻綜合機械化水平達 84%。 3)減少損失、增產(chǎn)增收 聯(lián)合機械化收獲總損失率低于5%，比人工收獲減少損失8%左右；％，提高單產(chǎn)375公斤/公頃以上；低溫干燥可減少霉爛損失4%以上。加快發(fā)展水稻生產(chǎn)的機械化，減輕水稻生產(chǎn)的勞動強度，降低生產(chǎn)成本，增加產(chǎn)量和收益，是提高水稻綜合生產(chǎn)能力，保障我國糧食安全的一項戰(zhàn)略措施，對推動現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)具有重要意義。關(guān)鍵詞：水稻；秧盤育秧；播土裝置；工廠化育秧 25 / 30Design of Spreading Soil Device for Factor Rice SeedlingNurseryAbstractThe technology of Factory Seedlingnursery is the development direction of the paddy cultivating technology in our country, to research and design the seedlingnursery device is one of the most important methods to impel the seedlingnursery technology to develop unceasingly. Factory Seedlingnursery is made up of four processes which are Soilspread, Precision seeding, Soilcover and Water spray. In the usually opinion, the most important process is the Precision seeding, but the process of soilspread is also essential to the seedlingnursery. With the development of the technology of super paddy seedlingnursery, the number of the seeds in per hole is decreased and the seeding precision is enhanced, so it is much strict to the processes of Soilspread and Soilcover, the quality of seedling will be reduced if the thickness of soil in the tray is not uniformity. Based on the prehensive introduction to the structural characteristics of seedling development of domestic and foreign technology and the existing domestic broadcast equipment on the basis of soil analysis and pointed out the deficiencies of the prior sowing soil means proposed new sowing soil means, and this conduct theoretical analysis and systematic research. Research conclusions are as follows: 1) On the basis of introducing the research condition of the soilspread and soilcover devices in the international and domestic countries by the numbers, and analyzing their structure characteristic and shortage in details, the purpose of the research in the thesis was putted forward: a spreading soil device which spreads and covers soil steadily is developed, the large diameter drum with Vshaped tablet as the soilspread ponents of the spreading soil device is chosen. 2) The sizes of the lager drum with the Vshaped tablet were confirmed, and the distribution of the Vshaped tablet on the film of the drum was also confirmed in order to ensure the spreading soil device to spread soil continuously when the drum rotates slowly. Made full use of the friction angle between soil and steel, the position of the soil box placket, the gradient of the soillead board was confirmed. In order to prevent the soil splashing, a block was designed. The thesis set up the mechanics model that indicates the relation between the rotate speed of the drum and productivity, the thickness of the soil in the tray, the width of the Vshaped tablet, and set up the mechanics model that indicates the relation between the volume of the soil expelled from the soil box per second and the rotate speed of the drum, the sizes of the Vshaped tablet. On the basis of the Pro/E software, the 3D siMULation model of the spreading soil device was set up.Key Words： Rice；Seedling Trays；Spreading Soil Device；Factory Seedlingnursery 目 錄摘要 IAbstract II1 緒論 1 課題背景 1 水稻的生產(chǎn)情況及意義 1 水稻的主要種植模式及分布區(qū)域 2 水稻種植技術(shù)的多樣性 3 所設(shè)計的播土裝置的目的與意義 3 播土裝置國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 4 國外研究現(xiàn)狀 4 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 4 研究內(nèi)容 5 2 水稻秧盤育秧精密播種流水線的工作原理 7 總體結(jié)構(gòu) 7 播土裝置的整體結(jié)構(gòu)方案確定 7 工作原理 8 3 播土裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 9 排土結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計 9 導(dǎo)流板設(shè)計 18 擋土板設(shè)計 19 4 CATIA 的播土裝置 3D 實體建模 20 零件 20 播土裝置總裝圖 21