【正文】 iliac spine and umbilicus. ▲ The surface marking for the base of Vermiform appendix 闌尾根部體表投影點(diǎn) 闌尾根部的體表投影點(diǎn) ,通常以右髂前上棘與臍的連線的中、外 1/3交點(diǎn)處為代表，該點(diǎn)被稱為 McBurney點(diǎn) . 63 Ascending colon 升結(jié)腸 Transverse colon 橫結(jié)腸 Descending colon 降結(jié)腸 Sigmoid colon 乙狀結(jié)腸 ▲⑶ Colon 結(jié)腸 結(jié)腸分部 升結(jié)腸和降結(jié)腸無(wú)系膜 ,乙狀結(jié)腸是惡性腫瘤的多發(fā)部位 . 64 65 ▲⑷ Rectum and anal canal 直腸與肛管 直腸是大腸位于骨盆腔下部的一段 ,全長(zhǎng) 1014cm。d??n?m] 十二指腸 54 55 ▲⒉ The wall structure of the small intestine 腸壁結(jié)構(gòu)仍為 4層。 ⒋ The Stomach胃 ⒈ The stomach shape Two surface ▲ Anterior and posterior Two curvatures(彎曲 ) ▲ Lesser curvature 胃小彎 ▲ Greater curvature 胃大彎 Two openings(開(kāi)口 ) ▲ Cardia 賁門(mén) ▲ Pylorus 幽門(mén) 48 臨床上將幽門(mén)部稱為胃竇 ,此部和胃小彎附近是潰瘍和癌癥的好發(fā)部位 . ⒉ Four parts for the stomach Cardiac part 賁門(mén)部 Fundus of stomach 胃底 Body of stomach 胃體 Pyloric part 幽門(mén)部 Pyloric antrum 幽門(mén)竇 Pyloric canal 幽門(mén)管 Stomach parts 49 Pyloric part 幽門(mén)部 Fundus 胃底 Body 胃體 Cardiac part 賁門(mén)部 Pyloric antrum 幽門(mén)竇 Pyloric canal 幽門(mén)管 50 ⒊ The structure of the stomach wall Stomach wall 胃壁有四層 ,粘膜呈桔紅色 , 胃空虛時(shí)形成許多皺壁 ,充盈時(shí)變平。 喉咽部上起自會(huì)厭上緣平面，下至第 6頸椎體下緣平面與食管相續(xù) 。 34 ③ The papillae of the tongue 舌乳頭 Filiform papillae 絲狀乳頭 Fungiform papillae 菌狀乳頭 Foliate papillae 葉狀乳頭 Vallate papillae 輪廓乳頭 菌狀乳頭、 葉狀乳頭、 輪廓乳頭以及會(huì)厭等處的粘膜上皮內(nèi)，均含有味蕾，為味覺(jué)感受器。 軟腭由肌、肌腱和粘膜組成，后部斜向后下，稱腭帆。⒉ The main functions of the digestive system ① Ingestion of foods 攝入食物 ③ Defecation 排便 : the elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces. 8 The oral cavity 口腔 The pharynx 咽 The esophagus 食管 The stomach 胃 The small intestine 小腸 The large intestine 大腸 Section 2 The Digestive Duct 9 167。 ⒈ The basic constituents of the digestive system Digestive canal Accessory ans The mouth The pharynx The esophagus The stomach The intestine The teeth The tongue The gallbladder The salivary glands The liver The pancreas 消化系統(tǒng) 6 Stomach Liver Ileum Jejunum Major salivary glands Pharynx Esophagus Mouth Duodenum Rectum Large intestine Pancreas 7 ② Absorption of the nutrient ponents (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water) 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收 167。 10 The Oral Vestibule口腔前庭 The Oral Cavity Proper固有口腔 11 The Oral Vestibule 口腔前庭 12 The Oral Cavity Proper 固有口腔 13 It constitutes the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity (鼻腔 ). ⑵ The palate (腭 ) Hard palate (硬腭 )： an anterior 2/3 part Soft palate (軟腭 ): a posterior 1/3 part The palate 硬腭主要以骨腭為基礎(chǔ)，覆蓋黏膜而成。 Jawbone ▲ Periodontal membrane (牙周膜 ) ▲ Jawbone (牙槽骨 ) 31 牙 整 體 結(jié) 構(gòu) 示 意 圖 32 ⑶ The tongue 舌 ① Two parts Tongue body: anterior 2/3 Tongue root: posterior 1/3 Tongue parts The muscular an is divided into two parts by the vshaped terminal sulcus(界溝 ). body root 33 ② The foramen cecum of the tongue 舌盲孔 ?At the apex of terminal sulcus there is a small median pit (洞 ), called the foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔 . 舌盲孔 ?舌盲孔 為甲狀舌管朝向咽的開(kāi)口部的殘存結(jié)構(gòu)。⒉ The Pharynx 咽 ⑴ The general features A fibromuscular (纖維肌肉質(zhì)的 ) tube, part of the digestive