【正文】 主句分開：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的那個人。如不能說There the children had a garden which to play in. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。(which可以換成that，也可以省略)2. 直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that，直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom不能換成who。It will be convenient for [to] me to see you this evening. 今晚去見你，我很方便。如：她可能今晚到。2. 其中的不定式有時可以是被動式。(5) 原因狀語。(3) 條件狀語。For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 為了增加銷量，我們必須降低價格。如：目的狀語。There’s nothing for the cats to eat. 貓沒有東西可吃了。I thought it strange for FAMILY: 39。I would like for you to stay as long as you want. 我希望你留下來，想留多久就留多久。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我們能在一起。It took twenty minutes for the smoke to clear. 過了20分鐘煙才散完。It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 這項任務(wù)要按時完成是不可能的。For Ann to go to France would make me very happy. 安要是到法國去將使我感到很高興。sth的用法 forWhoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy. 不管誰要我接電話，就說我現(xiàn)在正忙。ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪個飯館有空桌我們就在哪兒吃吧。whichever在從句中可用作主語、賓語或定語。注：whoever既用作主語也可用作賓語(作賓語時不宜用whomever，因為在現(xiàn)代英語中whomever已幾乎不用)。Whoever says that is a liar. 說那話的人是個騙子。 Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。如： What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所擁有的一切。這里所說的名詞性從句主要指主語從句和賓語從句，它們通常不用于引導(dǎo)同位語從句，同時也很少用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。五、后接表語形容詞時在作表語用的以a開頭的形容詞前通常不能省略to be。 There seemed (to be) nobody about, so I went in. 附近似乎沒有人，因此我就走了進去。 She seemed (to be) lacking in enthusiasm. 她似乎缺乏熱情。History seems to be repeating itself. 歷史似乎在重演。 She didn’t seem (to be) convinced by the argument. 這個論點似乎沒有使她信服。他似乎是個笨蛋。如：It seems (to be) a good idea. 那似乎是個好主意。I spoke to a man who seemed to be the boss. 我跟一個人說話，他看上去像是老板。She seems (to be) very sleepy today. 今天她看上去很困倦。但由于這種區(qū)別在沒有上下文的情況下并不總是很清楚，所以在許多情況下兩個結(jié)構(gòu)均可以用。be的省略問題在英語所有的連系動詞中，除了be這個最常見的外，seem應(yīng)該算是最常見的連系動詞之一。如：他寫信祝賀她當(dāng)選為勞模。如：I39。誤：He demanded me to tell him ：He demanded of me to tell him ：He demanded that I should tell him everything.◆漢語可說“感謝某人做某事”，但英語不說 thank sb to do sth。ve arranged him to attend the ：I39。 msoasciifontfamily: 39。如：他堅持要我留在那兒。歡迎你們來我們學(xué)校。誤：I39。誤：His wife suggested him to give up ：His wife suggested that he (should) give up ：His wife suggested his [him] giving up smoking. 正：His wife advised him to give up smoking.◆漢語可說“同意某人做某事”，但英語不說 agree sb to do sth。誤：He refused me to use his ：He refused to let me use his bike. 正：He didn’t allow me to use his bike.◆漢語可說“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語不說 punish sb to do sth。誤：I fear him to find us. 正：I fear that he will find us.◆漢語可說“原諒某人做某事”，但英語不說 excuse [forgive] sb to do sth。They forced her to sign [into signing] the paper. 他們強迫她在文件上簽字。 我們原認(rèn)為他昨天會到的。He didn’t allow the students to go there. 他沒讓學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ莾?。談?wù)劇皠釉~+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)“動詞+賓語+不定式”是英語中一個十分有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅是考試中的重要考點，而且在口語中也用得非常廣泛。比較：I39。They39。s spending the summer at the seaside. 她在海邊度暑假?，F(xiàn)在進行時表示將來意義現(xiàn)在進行時主要表示現(xiàn)在或目前正在進行的動作：We39。 D. hoped若根據(jù)以上“經(jīng)驗”認(rèn)為此題要選A答案，那就又錯了。 B. hope(2) He saved what he could to buy a car. 他盡量節(jié)約每一分錢以便買車。其實選錯了，正確答案應(yīng)是BA。 B. to fighthe不過同學(xué)們還要注意一點，就是這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動關(guān)系，如 I have a letter to write. 中的 to write 就是由該句主語 I 來完成的。 B. typingsthhavedo還是havedone“Do you have anything _________, Professor Smith?” “No, thanks.” A. to type C. to be typed確實，在“have+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作定語的不定式通常用主動式表示被動含義，如 I have a letter to write 之類的，按理說其中的 a letter 與其后的不定式之類的，按理說其中的 to write 具有被動關(guān)系，即“信”應(yīng)該是“被寫”，但這里卻習(xí)慣上用主動式表示這個被動意義。whatdo考題的應(yīng)對策略The soldiers tried their best and did what they could _________ against the flood.A. fight D. fought 有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動詞原形 fight，即斷定選A答案。請再看類似例句：(1) He did what he could to help us. 他盡力幫助我們。請看下例：(4) He ran as fast as he could _________ to catch the early bus.A. to hope C. hoping B. to practise C. practising(6) Mr Smith made up his mind to devote all he could _________ his oral English before going abroad. A. . to improve C. improvingimpossible請看下面一道題：_________ he said at the meeting the other day was _________ impossible. A. That, very B. That, quite C. What, very注：quite 有兩個主要意思：一是表示程度，意為“相當(dāng)”、“還算”“用法與 fairly, very, rather 一樣，只是程度或語氣不同)，此時主要修飾那些可以顯示出程度的形容詞或副詞；二是表示極限(limit)，意為“完全地”、“全然地”等，此時主要修飾那些沒有程度差異的形容詞或副詞。Where is she teaching? 她在哪兒教書？She39。m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。順便說一句，我們除可用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來外，還可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，兩者的區(qū)別是：用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來，其計劃性較強，并往往暗示一種意圖；而一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，則其客觀性較強，即通常被視為客觀事實，多指按時刻表或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的情況。如：What time does the train leave? 火車什么時候開？The program begins at 4. 這個節(jié)目四點開始。 醫(yī)生建議我完全休息。We expected him to arrive yesterday.My parents encouraged m