全國高等教育電子商務(wù)英語自學(xué)考試-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 gical (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical fort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful oute.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights —and indeed that they were capable of learning quite plex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.38. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____. A. are directly related to pleasure B. will meet their physical needsC. will bring them a feeling of success D. will satisfy their curiosity39. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____. A. have the lights turned on B. be rewarded with milkC. please their parents D. be praised40. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ____. A. the lights were directly related to some basic “drives” B. the sight of the lights was interestingC. they need not turn back to watch the lightsD. they succeeded in “switching on” the lights四、單詞漢譯英（本大題共15小題，每小題1分，共15分）根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應(yīng)的英語單詞。 n. m _ _ t _ _ ge 42. 合同，契約 n. c _ _ tr _ _ t 43. 商品，貨品 n. m_ _ ch _ _ dise 44. 保留，保持 v. r _ t _ _ n 45. 可用的，可獲得的 adj. av _ _ l _ ble 46. 聲稱，認(rèn)領(lǐng) v. amp。76. 為了獲得市場(chǎng)份額，他們必須竭盡全力。 （involve, interactive steps）80. 應(yīng)該由你決定是否實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃。（in advance, application materials）78. 愿意買該產(chǎn)品的人越多，價(jià)格就降得越多。 v. inter _ _ _ _ 51. 地方，位置 n. loca _ _ _ _ 52. 賣主，賣方 n. v _ _ dor 53. 流行，貨幣 n. c_ rr _ _ _ y 54. 嘗試，試圖，努力 v. att _ _ p _ 55. 整理，安排v. arr _ _ ge 五、單詞英譯漢 （本大題共15小題，每小題1分，共15分） 56. market share 57. net loss 58. earnings per share 59. Federal Express 60. search engines 61. information network 62. client 63. database 64. sales tax 65. information technology 66. web server
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