【正文】 and thus plays a very important position. However, the stamping process is a very vulnerable to accidents in the production, the stamping of the occurrence of the personal accident than other mechanical processing of physical accidents (according to foreign countries to the information, the punch appeared to personal accident than the general machinery the industry is 3 times higher). At present, some enterprises (especially SMEs) in the use of processing time stamping method, still in use with handloaded directly take part in the mold cavity artisanal methods. In this case, such as mold design and unreasonable or without security guards, to prone to physical security incidents. Ⅴ. Conclusion The level of mold technology to measure a country39。 exports of plastic rubber mold the average price of $ 963 each, up % over the previous year. If pared with the import price, import and export stamping die per ton ratio :1。 followed by the stamping die, the amount of import and export accounted for % and %. Imports by origin of goods points, import die mainly from Japan, Korea, Germany, followed by China Taiwan, the United States, Canada, Italy, Singapore, Denmark and France。附錄BDevelopment of cold stamping die Mold is an integral part of hightech industry is an important foundation for industrial production equipment. Produced by mold, the mold is often worth its valueseveral times. Mold Technology is a technology based on integrated technology, precision equipment, strong technology, involving new technologies, new processes, new materials, new equipment development and application. Metallurgy, materials, measurement, mechanical and electrical integration, puter and other subjects as well as casting, forging, heat treatment, machining, testing, and many other types of work together to build the system the mold products with high efficiency, low consumption, high consistency, precision and high plexity of features, this is in any other manufacturing methods can not reach. At present, the mold manufacturing industry has bee a hightech industries rely on each other with the industry, mold The level of industrial technology has bee an important measure of national manufacturing level one of the signs. Of any country, manufacturing industry is the level of overall national strength and technical expression. The mold industry is the foundation and key manufacturing industries. In response, the state has adopted corresponding policies, are actively developing mold making industry. I. Die with a long history of industrial Cold stamping process in China has a long history. According to historical records: the working people as far away as China discovered the Bronze Age with the hammering deformation properties of the metal, to the Warring States Period (403 BC, a former 221) has been refining the sword can be ancestors 2,300 years ago has acquired weapons and various metal hammering modity technology. During the long period of feudal society, our working people in the gold, silver, copper ornaments, and the production of daily necessities, but also shows sophisticated superb artistic level, it is amazing. In modern times, from the last century 2039。為了推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門(mén)發(fā)展的需要，模具工業(yè)需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和加速?lài)?guó)產(chǎn)化。五、結(jié)語(yǔ)模具技術(shù)水平的高低是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家制造業(yè)水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。由于其在技術(shù)上和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的特別之處，因而在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中占有十分重要的地位。同時(shí)，沖模表面光潔度過(guò)低，也會(huì)使沖模的耐用度降低。由于線(xiàn)切割加工的熱效應(yīng)和電解作用，使模具加工表面產(chǎn)生一定厚度的變質(zhì)層，造成表面硬度降低，出現(xiàn)顯微裂紋等，致使線(xiàn)切割加工的沖模易發(fā)生早期磨損，直接影響模具沖裁間隙的保持及刃口容易崩刃，縮短模具使用壽命。電加工及磨削加工后應(yīng)進(jìn)行回火，以消除加工應(yīng)力。為提高沖片質(zhì)量，延長(zhǎng)模具壽命，該廠(chǎng)根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外資料信息，在實(shí)踐中對(duì)模具間隙做了試驗(yàn)摸索，證明間隙值為0．09～O．1 1 mm最為合適。對(duì)于沖裁模具有研究表明：在保證沖裁工件質(zhì)量的前提下，沖裁模具應(yīng)盡可能選用較大的沖裁間隙，以降低沖裁力，減小模具的磨損從而能提高模具使用壽命。模具設(shè)計(jì)的原則是保證有足夠的強(qiáng)度、剛度、同心度、對(duì)中性和合理的沖裁間隙，并減少應(yīng)力集中，以保證由模具生產(chǎn)出來(lái)零件符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中沖模的失效現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)頻繁，沖模消耗量大。7. 沖壓模具是沖壓牛產(chǎn)中的重要工藝設(shè)備，是提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、節(jié)約原材料、體現(xiàn)模制品技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性的有效手段。因此，十分有必要選用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材和應(yīng)用表面處理技術(shù)來(lái)提高模具的壽命。6. 模具的失效原因有很多．材料方面的原因占較大的比重，據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，因選材和用材不當(dāng)，致使模具過(guò)早失效。復(fù)雜、精密小型腔及微細(xì)型腔和去除刀痕、完成尖角、窄縫、溝槽、深坑加工及花紋加工等，將是今后EDM應(yīng)用的重點(diǎn)。2．模具掃描及數(shù)字化系統(tǒng)：高速掃描機(jī)和模具掃描系統(tǒng)具備從模型或?qū)嵨飹呙璧郊庸こ銎谕哪Ｐ退璧闹T多功能，這樣可以大大縮短模具研制制造周期。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展是模具工業(yè)發(fā)展最關(guān)鍵的—個(gè)因素，其發(fā)展方向應(yīng)該為適應(yīng)模具產(chǎn)品“交貨期短”、“精度高”、“質(zhì)量好”和“價(jià)格低”的要求服務(wù)。如果與進(jìn)口價(jià)相比較，沖壓模具平均每噸進(jìn)出口之比為1．8：1；塑料橡膠模具平均每套進(jìn)出口之比為2．5：l。其中進(jìn)口總額為19．64億美元，同比減少2％；出口總額為18．43億美元，同比減少4．1l％。目前我國(guó)沖壓模具無(wú)論在數(shù)量上，還是在質(zhì)量、技術(shù)和能力等方面都已有了很大發(fā)展，但與國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)需求和世界先進(jìn)水平相比，仍具有較大的差異，一些大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的高檔模具每年仍大量進(jìn)口，特別是中高檔轎車(chē)的覆蓋件模具?？磕ｃ姶惨M(jìn)后，用石膏、術(shù)?；?qū)嵨锛纯煞瞥鱿嗤螤畹哪Ｐ?，使?fù)合托深模具的制作方便了許多，確保了精度。同時(shí)由于冷沖模架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的出現(xiàn)，使模具設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)形式多樣化，精度也由此提高。模具加工業(yè)以手工為主，故而模具的精度不高，損壞率大。我們的祖先在2300年前已掌握了錘擊金屬制造兵器和各種日用品技術(shù)。對(duì)任何國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，制造產(chǎn)業(yè)是綜合國(guó)力及技術(shù)水平的體現(xiàn)．而模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展是制造產(chǎn)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。附錄A冷沖壓模具發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀模具是高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的一個(gè)組成部分，是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ)裝備．用模具生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，其價(jià)值往往是模具價(jià)值的幾十倍。目前，模具制造業(yè)已成為與高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)互為依托的產(chǎn)業(yè)，模具工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的高低已成為衡量國(guó)家制造業(yè)水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載：我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民遠(yuǎn)在青銅時(shí)期就發(fā)現(xiàn)了金屬具有錘擊變形的性能，到了戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代(公元前403一前221年)已經(jīng)能煉劍淬火。由于生產(chǎn)力較為低下，技術(shù)水平不夠．當(dāng)時(shí)各廠(chǎng)使用的沖壓設(shè)備功率都不大，甚至大多還是手扳腳踏。六七十年代，隨著產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)大量使用沖壓機(jī)床，冷沖模具已從原來(lái)單沖落