【正文】 托馬斯 ?莫爾 1478~1535 One of the greatest English humanists ① Utopia烏托邦 弗蘭西斯 ?培根 1561~1626 （哲學家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學的奠基人和近代實驗科學的先驅(qū)。約翰 The Late Medieval Ages Beowulf貝奧武夫 :the national epic of the AngloSaxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. . Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（頭韻） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 ?喬叟 1340(?)~1400 (首創(chuàng) ―雙韻體 ‖，英國文學史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。 ) The father of English poetry. It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a prehensive (綜合的，廣泛的 )realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ① The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use ?heroic couplet?(雙韻體 ) by middle English ② Troilus and Criseyde特 羅伊拉斯和克萊希德 ③ The House of Fame聲譽之宮 Medieval Ages? popular Literary form: Romance(傳奇故事 ) Famous three： King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙 ?斯賓塞 1552~1599 （后人稱之為 ―詩人的詩人 ‖。） Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 14. Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his ―mighty lines‖ ( D ) A. the Petrarchan son B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse ① The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲?。ǜ鶕?jù)德國民間故事書寫成） ② Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝 ③ The Jew of Malta馬耳他的猶太人 6. William Shakespeare威廉 ?莎士比亞 ① Historical plays: Henry VI 。 A Midsummer Night?S Dream仲夏夜之夢 。 Macbeth麥克白 ④ Shakespeare Son :154 The Sons Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A son is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III The 17th Century 1. John Milton約翰 ?彌爾頓 1608~1674 （詩人、政論家 。） Puritan poet(清教徒派詩人 ) ① Religionary Allegory:The Pilgrim?s Progress天路歷程 3. John Donne 3 the Metaphysical poet(玄學派詩人 ). Metaphysical Poetry(玄學詩 )：（用語） the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式 )the form is frequently an argument with the poet’ s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主題： love, religious, thought） Artistic features: 1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2. syllogism三段論 ① Meditations 沉思錄 The Flea 虱子 ② Songs And Sons Holy Sons ③ Valediction:Forbidding Mourning IV The 18th Century： Enlightenment同時為美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭與法國大革命提供了框架，并且導致了資本主義和社會主義的興起，與音樂史上的巴洛克時期以及藝術(shù)史上的新古典主義時期是同一時期。） As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.... Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C ) A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift ① An Essay on Criticism批評論 Artistic features: ―heroic couplets‖ ② The Rape of the Lock卷發(fā)遇劫記 ③ Moral Essays道德論 Essay on Man人論 The Dunciad愚人記 塞繆爾 ?約翰遜 1709~1784 ① Dictionary =A Dictionary of English Language英語大 詞典 3. Jonathan Swift喬納森 ?斯威