【正文】 land, and they grew stronger in America. The Englishspeaking peoples have 54 all efforts to build fences around their language. Indeed, the English language is not the special 55 of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the 56 of the mon man. A. preserve F. tolerance K. tongue B. ban G. cultural L. classic C. descend H. nourished M. rooted D. sprang up I. corrupt N. liberties E. addition J. respecters O. defeated Section B (30 points) Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of year. A noted scientist, Ellsworth Huntington (18761947 ), concluded from other men’s work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities. He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in summer. Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man’s mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature. Fall is the nextbest season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking. 11. According to the passage, man’s intelligence______. A. stays the same throughout the year B. varies from day to day C. changes with the seasons D. changes from year to year 12. Ellsworth Hunting decided that climate and temperature have______. A. a great effect on everyone’s intelligence B. some effect on most people’s intelligence C. some effect on a few people’s intelligence D. no effect on most people’s intelligence 13. Ellsworth Hunting’s conclusion was based on ______. A. variations of his own mental abilities from season to season B. the results of research done by him and other scientists among peoples in different climates. C. detailed records of temperature changes in different places D. detailed records of different ways of thinking among peoples in different climates 14. Why does the author say summer is a good time to take a long vacation from thinking? A. Because a long vacation in summer helps to improve people’s mental power. B. Because people tend to be less creative during summer. C. Because summer is a good time for outdoor activities. D. Because mental exertion in the summer heat taxes too much of people’s energy. 15. The certain idea of this passage is ______. A. man’s mental abilities change from season to season B. man’s intelligence varies from place to place C. man should take a long vacation in summer D. if you want to do creative thinking, go to a cool place Passage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. You don’t need every word to understand the meaning of what you read. In fact, too much emphasis on individual words both slows your speed and reduces your prehension. You will be given the chance to prove this to yourself, but meanwhile, let us look at the implication. First, any habit which slows down you silent reading to the speed at which you speak, or read aloud, is inefficient. If you point to each word as you read, or more your head or form the words with your lips, you read poorly. Less obvious habits also hold back reading efficiency. ONE is “saying” each word silently by moving your tongue or throat or vocal cords。NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For question 810, plete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Will We Run Out of Water? Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages. Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate（ provide water for） farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and bee polluted, killing all 24 native spe