【正文】 CCD； FPGA； AFE； 驅(qū)動(dòng)； 數(shù)據(jù)采集 II Linear CCD Highspeed Drive and Acquisition Design of Integrated Control Board Based on FPGAAbstract: The linear CCD image sensor has a wide range of applications in industrial inspection, image measurement and machine vision. The paper describes how to design a FPGAbased highspeed acquisition integrated control board based on former processing, driven control and signal acquisition in CCD measurement. This control board adopts ALTERA Cyclone series FPGA and TI VSP5010, which is particularly used as image signal processing chip. In this design, FPGA is responsible to configure the VSP5010, generate dualchannel CCD driven pulse, control and receive the image data converted by A/D, besides, it can send the acquisition data to puter for later processing. This control board integrates the driven pulse generation of CCD and image data acquisition, which can effectively simplify the front periphery circuit of CCD measurement application system, enhance the efficiency and quality of image data acquisition, it is also flexible and easy to expand.Key words: linear CCD, FPGA, AFE, drive, data acquisition III目 錄第一章 緒論 ...................................................................................................................1 論文的研究背景及意義 ..................................................................................1 CCD 器件應(yīng)用發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ...............................................................................3 本論文的主要內(nèi)容 ..........................................................................................3第二章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................5 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................................................................................5 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具 ..................................................................................................5 Protel DXP2021 簡(jiǎn)介 ..........................................................................6 FPGA 的常用開發(fā)工具 ........................................................................6第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................8 系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................................................................................8 CCD 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................8 CCD 工作原理 ......................................................................................8 CCD 的主要特性參數(shù) ..........................................................................9 CCD 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................11 AFE 電路設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................14 AFE 功能分析 ....................................................................................14 VSP5010 簡(jiǎn)介 ....................................................................................14 FPGA 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................18 Cyclone 系列 FPGA 簡(jiǎn)介 ..................................................................18 JTAG 口及 AS 模式接口 ...................................................................19 PCB 板的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................20 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)常識(shí) ....................................................................................20 PCB 具體設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................22 系統(tǒng)硬件的焊接和測(cè)試 ................................................................................25第四章 FPGA 設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................................28 FPGA 設(shè)計(jì)方案 .............................................................................................28 IV TCD1501D 驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)序模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................28 VSP5010 配置接口模塊設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................30 雙口 RAM 模塊設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................32 采控主模塊設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................33結(jié) 論 .........................................................................................................................34致 謝 .........................................................................................................................35參考文獻(xiàn) .........................................................................................................................36附 錄 .........................................................................................................................370第 1 章 緒論 論文的研究背景及意義電荷耦合器件（Charge Couple Device，簡(jiǎn)稱 CCD）是一種光電轉(zhuǎn)換式圖像傳感器，它是由美國(guó)貝爾(Bell) 實(shí)驗(yàn)室的 和 在 1969 年秋發(fā)明的。 I基于 FPGA 的線型 CCD 高速驅(qū)動(dòng)采集一體化控制板設(shè)計(jì)摘要：線型 CCD 圖像傳感器在工業(yè)檢測(cè)、圖像測(cè)量和機(jī)器視覺等方面有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。該控制板將 CCD 的驅(qū)動(dòng)脈沖產(chǎn)生和圖像數(shù)據(jù)采集集于一體，有效簡(jiǎn)化了 CCD 測(cè)量應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)前端的外部電路設(shè)計(jì)，提高了圖像數(shù)據(jù)采集速率和質(zhì)量，并具有靈活性強(qiáng)，易于擴(kuò)展等特點(diǎn)。CCD 器件按其感光單元的排列方式分為線陣 CCD 和面陣 CCD 兩類，如圖 11和圖 12 所示。圖 11 面陣型 CCD 圖片1圖 12 線陣型 CCD 圖片　　由于生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的制約，單個(gè)面陣 CCD 的面積很難達(dá)到一般工業(yè)測(cè)量對(duì)視場(chǎng)的需求。在 CCD 應(yīng)用技術(shù)中，現(xiàn)代化測(cè)試技術(shù)和科學(xué)研究對(duì) CCD 圖像采集系統(tǒng)的要求日益提高，隨著高速高性能數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器的出現(xiàn)，傳統(tǒng)的 CCD 圖像采集系統(tǒng)速度慢、處理功能簡(jiǎn)單，已不能很好地滿足一些特殊要求，尤其在高速動(dòng)態(tài)目標(biāo)的識(shí)別和實(shí)時(shí)快速檢測(cè)方面存在著 CCD 信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí)間限制系統(tǒng)測(cè)量速度的瓶頸。其主要缺點(diǎn)是工作量大、調(diào)試?yán)щy、容易出錯(cuò)和靈活性較差,特別是當(dāng)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路工作在較高頻率時(shí),干擾問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重,系統(tǒng)工作不穩(wěn)定。如要改變驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的時(shí)序，增加某些功能，僅需要對(duì)器件重新編程即可，在不改變?nèi)魏斡布那闆r下，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的更新?lián)Q代。但如果時(shí)鐘脈沖變化太快將會(huì)導(dǎo)致所采集的光信號(hào)電荷無(wú)法進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移，因此電荷轉(zhuǎn)移速度成為 CCD 提高工作頻率的瓶頸。在器件結(jié)構(gòu)方面，最引人注目的有幀內(nèi)線轉(zhuǎn)移 CCD(FITCCD)，亞電子噪聲 CCD（NSE CCD） 。尤其在對(duì)陸地和海洋的監(jiān)測(cè)、偵察和地球資源勘察等方面都是十分有價(jià)值的。圖像采集系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)(1) 線陣 CCD 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì)。在以上硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)完成并仿真通過(guò)后，利用 ED