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ent: the paycheck, the benefits, the incentives and the rewards were mine alone. Not much of a purpose in being selfserving, is there? While I was a student, I felt I was leading a purposeful life. Learning new things, broadening my horizons, expanding my life experiences all gave my life a zip and drive that I had not felt since being in survival mode when my kids were small. After graduating college I felt oddly deflated… but by th en, China was on my horizon. 。ve been here I have been tasked with nothing more challenging than learning my students39。s own path. He urges the reader to find rectitude and lead a moral life. He professes that, only by being self reliant, as opposed to relying on the government and being dictated to by society, can one begin leading a decent and purposeful life. He avers that such a life is the only life worth living. I agree with him. This essay was written during a time of social upheaval in America, and it is rather odd that Emerson authored it, as he was a part of the upper crust of society at the time. It just so happened that he looked around him, at the indolence and the wantonness of the people in his circle。s lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at what39。s Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupe39。t have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isn39。s Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansu39。生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)中廢棄物的處理與再生利用。固體廢物的處理與處置 [M]。=ρGV=1000=1150kg/h 14 GL??(LG?? ) 21 = 21??????? 用《化工原理》 圖 529 坐 標(biāo)的 與亂堆填料 的泛點(diǎn)線,查的縱坐標(biāo)為2 ( ) 0 . 0 0 1 4f GLLg? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? 選用 25mm25mm 亂堆瓷鮑爾環(huán),填料因子 ? =300 l/m, ? =L??水 =1 35℃ 溶液取 35℃ 水的黏度 L? =106Pa/s 泛點(diǎn)氣速 f? = LGLg ?????? ?? ? ?= ? ? sm /10 ???????? 取空塔氣速為 80% f? ,則 ? =80% f? ==塔徑 D=uVs?4?= 1000 ??? ( 4) 填料層高度的計(jì)算 ① 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 沼氣在直徑為 的填料吸收塔中用清水吸收其中的 硫化氫 ,沼氣流量為 1000m3/h,操作溫度為 35℃ , 硫化氫的氣相體積吸收總系數(shù) KYa=300kmol/。吸收劑用量為最小用量的 倍 , 已知操作壓力為 2 個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓。一般硫化氫的濃度 超 過 %時(shí)可引起人頭痛、乏力、失明、胃腸道病等癥狀。傳熱面積 A 選 = ( 5) 校核總傳熱系數(shù) ① 管程對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù) α1 管內(nèi) 料液 流速 u1=ndqm???211143600?? = sm / 8 9 83 6 0 01025??? ? Re1= 1 1 11ud ???? = 3 ?? ?? ? 12 Pr1=111???pc = 33 ???? ? α1=11d? R P = ( ) 7=② 殼程對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù) α2 殼程流通截面積 S=hd( 1td0) = ( 13225) = 熱水 的流速 u2=Sqm?2 2?= sm /026 ?? 正方形排列的當(dāng)量直徑 de=0202 )4(4ddt?????? = )(4 22 ?? ??? 62 222 ?? ?????? ??? ud e 3122 ?ru PN (w??2 ) ? =163, Pr2=222???pc = 63 ???? ? 熱水 被 冷卻 ,取(w??2 ) = α2=163ed2? 312?rP (w??2 ) =163 ( ) 31? = W/ ③ 總傳熱系數(shù) 取污垢熱阻 Rd1= Rd2=,碳鋼的熱導(dǎo)率 ? =45W/( ) K1 = 11? +Rd1+ mddb??? 1 +Rd221dd + 22 1dd?? = ++ ? ? +2520 + ? = K= W/ ④ 傳熱面積 A=mtKQ?? = 6?? = 與原估計(jì)值基本相符 AA選 = =,即傳熱面積有 2%的裕量,符合要求 13 吸收塔的計(jì)算 ( 1) 傳質(zhì)推動(dòng)力的計(jì)算 在溫度 t=35℃ ,總壓 下,含有 H2S %(摩爾分?jǐn)?shù))的沼氣與 清水 接觸 ,吸收其中的H2S。殼程中有旋流擋板,易造成懸浮顆粒沉降,而管程則易于清洗,所以熱水 走殼 程 ,料液走 管 程。 料 液 從 5℃ 升至 35℃ ,熱水從 75℃ 降至 45℃ ,逆流流動(dòng)。 ( 2) 水壓間的高度 △ H:此高度應(yīng)等于發(fā)酵間最大液位下降值 H1與水壓間液面最大上升值 H2之和,即 △ H=H1+H2 ( 3) 水壓間容積:此容積等于池內(nèi)最大貯氣量。 ( 4) 進(jìn)出料管的垂直位置一般確定在發(fā)酵間的最 低 液面設(shè)計(jì)高度處。 ( 3) 計(jì)算圓筒形發(fā)酵間容積: 圓筒形發(fā)酵間由池蓋、池身、池底組成(如圖 3 所示),三個(gè)部分的容積計(jì)算公式如下 : 圖 3 沼氣池發(fā)酵間的組成 ? ?? ?2 2 2 11 1 1 1 12 2 2 22 2 2 2 2233633fV f R f f rfV f R f f rV R H? ?? ????? ? ? ???????? ? ? ?????? 式中: V V V3—— 分別為池蓋容積、池底容積、池身容積 f f2—— 分別為池蓋矢高、池底矢高 r1—— 池蓋曲率半徑,它與其他尺寸的關(guān)系為 ? ?2211112r R ff??; r2—— 池底曲率半徑,它與其他尺寸的關(guān)系為 ? ?2222212r R ff??; R—— 池體內(nèi)徑 H—— 池身高度 π—— 圓周率,取 綜合圓形沼氣池的內(nèi)力 結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算,材料用量計(jì)算和施工、管理、使用技術(shù)等各種因素,一般認(rèn)為池蓋 矢 跨比 1 1=5fD ,池底失跨比 2 1=8fD 和池身高 ? 時(shí)沼氣池的尺寸比較合理。 ( 5) 投料率:投料率系指最大限度投入的料液所占發(fā)酵間容積的百分比,一般在 85~95%為宜。 我國(guó)通常采用的池容產(chǎn)氣率包括 、 、 和 幾種 ,本設(shè)計(jì) 取池容產(chǎn)氣率為 。 采用每 30 天投料一次, 30 天進(jìn)行一次大換料。 為使發(fā)酵過程 有一個(gè)較高的產(chǎn)氣量,可將貧氮原料與富氮原料適當(dāng)配合成為具有適宜碳氮比的混合原料。一月到三月、十月到一月溫度比較低,這段時(shí)間對(duì)原料要進(jìn)行換熱處理。這兩個(gè)階段起作用的細(xì)菌稱為不產(chǎn)甲烷菌。 有機(jī)物厭氧發(fā)酵依次分為液化、產(chǎn)酸、產(chǎn)甲烷三個(gè)階段(如圖 1 所示)。因此,出料的時(shí)候最好采用出料機(jī)械。 ( 2) 水壓式沼氣池型也存在一些缺點(diǎn),主要是: ① 由于氣壓反復(fù)變化,而且一般在 4~ 16 千帕 ( 即 40~ 160 厘米水柱 ) 壓力之間變化。 ( 1) 水壓式沼氣池型有以下幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn): ① 池體結(jié)構(gòu)受力性能良好,而且充分利用土壤的承載能力,所以省工省料,成本比較低。 水壓式沼氣池基本知識(shí) 水壓式沼氣池的特點(diǎn) 水壓沼氣池是一種埋設(shè)在地下的立式圓筒形發(fā)酵池,池蓋和池底是具有一定曲率半徑的殼體,主要結(jié)構(gòu)包括加料管 、 出料管 、 水壓間 、 導(dǎo)氣管幾個(gè)部分。燃燒時(shí)呈藍(lán)色火焰,最高溫度可達(dá) 1400 ℃ 左右。甲烷分子式是 CH4,是一個(gè)碳原子與四個(gè)氫原子所結(jié)合的簡(jiǎn)單碳?xì)浠衔铩? ( 2) 沼氣的成分 沼氣是一種混合氣體,它的主要成分是甲烷,其次有二氧化碳、硫化氫 ( H2S) 、氮及其他一些成分。根據(jù)沼氣發(fā)酵過程中各類細(xì)菌的作用,沼氣細(xì)菌可以分為兩大類。 沼氣的基本知識(shí) ( 1) 沼氣及其產(chǎn)生過程 沼氣是有機(jī)物質(zhì)在厭氧環(huán)境中,在一定的溫度、濕