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全自動(dòng)熱電偶溫度檢定系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 600℃; (4)同時(shí)檢定熱電偶支數(shù): 1~ 8支; (5)具有冷端自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償功能; (6)可以自動(dòng)完成控溫、檢測(cè); (7)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,界面友好,操作簡(jiǎn)便; 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題 熱電偶自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)需要完成參數(shù)設(shè)定,自動(dòng)溫度控制和溫度穩(wěn)定性判斷,自動(dòng)切換通道,自動(dòng)測(cè)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熱電偶和被檢熱電偶的熱電勢(shì)。 Fluke Corporation(美國(guó)福祿克公司)針對(duì)幾種型號(hào)的恒溫裝置,溫控器及電測(cè)儀表,研制了 9938MET/ TEMP 溫度自動(dòng)校準(zhǔn)軟件,可以把硬件裝置結(jié)合起來,構(gòu)成一套自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)。檢定爐根據(jù)發(fā)熱原理可分為電阻爐和黑體爐,是提供熱電偶檢定的溫度源。過程都由手工操作完成,不但人員勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,檢定時(shí)間長(zhǎng),而且效率低、誤差大,影響工作正常進(jìn)行 [ 1] 。作為熱電轉(zhuǎn)換器件,其特性的好壞和指示值準(zhǔn)確與否直接關(guān)系到產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、安全防護(hù)和能源的損耗等情況。上述檢定步驟中完全靠手工操作完成,不但人員勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,檢定時(shí)間長(zhǎng), 原始數(shù)據(jù)量大,運(yùn)算處理較復(fù)雜,容易出錯(cuò),而且不可避免地產(chǎn)生人為誤差。由金屬或合金構(gòu)成的熱 電偶,在高溫下其內(nèi)部晶粒要逐漸長(zhǎng)大。熱電偶具有測(cè)量精度高、熱響應(yīng)時(shí)間快、測(cè)量范圍大 (40~1600℃ )、性能可靠、使用壽命長(zhǎng)、安裝方便等特點(diǎn),是生產(chǎn)中最常用的溫度傳感器之一。選用 HH54P 小型繼電器和開關(guān)量控制接口卡 PC6408,組成多通道掃描裝置,配合高精度可程控的多功能測(cè)試儀表FLUKE289,實(shí)現(xiàn)檢定數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)采集;采用模糊控制和 PID 控制相結(jié)合的算法,對(duì)檢定爐溫度進(jìn)行控制,實(shí)現(xiàn) PID 參數(shù)的自動(dòng)整定,使?fàn)t溫升溫速度快、調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間短、恒溫效果好;系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控軟件采用模塊設(shè)計(jì)方法,功能齊全,界面友好,操作靈活方便。 I 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 全自動(dòng)熱電偶溫度檢定系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) II 摘 要 熱電偶是一種常用的溫度傳感器,應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛。 論文在分析熱電偶檢定規(guī)程的基礎(chǔ)上,介紹了熱電偶自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計(jì)方案、硬件組成、軟件設(shè)計(jì)和主要技術(shù)問題的解決方法。 關(guān)鍵詞: 熱電偶 ; 自動(dòng)檢定;模糊控制; PID參數(shù)整定;數(shù)據(jù) 采集 Automatic Thermocouple Temperature Calibration III System Design Abstract Thermocouples are monlyused temperature sensors in many manufacturing processes, and have found a wide range of applications. After a longterm run, the performance of a thermocouple may change, resulting in temperature measurement error. Therefore, the Metrology Law in Chinas stipulates that thermocouples have to be calibrated periodically in the course of its usage to ensure the accuracy of the temperature measurement. Based on the analysis of the Specification of Thermocouple Calibration, this thesis discusses the overall design ideas of the automatic thermocouple verification system,hardware configuration, software design and solutions to some technical problems. The calibration system first uses HH54P relays and switching control interface card PC6408, posed of multichannel scanning device, with highprecision programmable multifunction test instruments FLUKE289, implement test automatic data collection . To control the calibration furnace temperature, an optimized algorithm is designed by bining the PID control and fuzzy control. The optimized algorithm can tune the PID parameters automatically. As a result, the furnace temperature can be heated up fast in a short control time , and achieves a satisfactory effect for constant temperature control. Written using a building block design fashion, the system monitoring software has a friendly graphical user interface, and is powerful, flexible and easy to operate. The automatic thermocouple verification system meets all the requirements of the Specification of Thermocouple Calibration. The system has good scalability. New types of thermocouples can be simply and easily added into the system. Compared with the IV traditional manual calibration method, the automatic thermocouple calibration system can significantly shorten the calibration time. Increases calibration efficiency, reduces the labor strength and improve the level of automation. Key words: thermocouple; automatic calibration; fuzzy control; PID parameter tuning; data acquisition 目 錄 V 摘 要 ................................................................ II Abstract ............................................................. III 第 1章 緒 論 ......................................................... 1 熱電偶檢定系統(tǒng)的選題背景 .......................................... 1 熱電偶自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀 ...................................... 1 熱電偶 自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo) .................................. 2 第 2章 熱電偶自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)方案的選擇 .................................... 4 系統(tǒng)需要解決的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題 ........................................ 4 技術(shù)性能指標(biāo) ................................................. 4 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題 ................................................ 4 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案選擇 .................................................. 5 冷端補(bǔ)償方案 ................................................. 5 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 7 爐溫控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 7 上位機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... 8 系統(tǒng)組成結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 ........................................ 9 第 3章 熱電偶自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) .................................. 10 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................. 10 多功能數(shù)字測(cè)量?jī)x硬件選型 .................................... 10 通道掃描器設(shè)計(jì) ............................................. 11 溫度控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................. 17 單相晶閘管調(diào) 壓觸發(fā)器 ........................................ 17 模入模出接口卡 .............................................. 19 VI 上位機(jī)硬件配置 ................................................... 22 第 4章 熱電偶自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)溫度控制方法 ................................ 23 熱電偶的檢定爐的物理模型分析 ..................................... 23 控制算法選擇 ..................................................... 24 PID 控制 .................................................... 24 模糊控制 .................................................... 26 模糊 PID 參數(shù)自整定控制器的實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................... 27 模糊 PID 參數(shù)自整定控制器的結(jié)構(gòu) .............................. 27 PID 參數(shù)模糊調(diào)整規(guī)則 ........................................ 29 模糊推理及解模糊化 .......................................... 31 第 5章 工業(yè)熱電偶自動(dòng)檢定系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .............................. 35 軟件系統(tǒng)組成 ..................................................... 35 自動(dòng)檢定過程 ..................................................... 36 模糊自適應(yīng) PID 控制算法的軟件實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................. 38 第 6章 結(jié)論 .......................................................... 40 參考文獻(xiàn) .............................................................. 41 謝 辭 ................................................................. 42 附 錄 ................................................................ 43 1 第 1 章 緒 論 熱電偶檢定系統(tǒng)的選題背景 熱電偶是一種感溫元件,它把溫度信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成熱電動(dòng)勢(shì)信號(hào),通過電氣儀表轉(zhuǎn)換
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