【正文】 系統(tǒng)是孤立于陸地的獨(dú)立電網(wǎng)，它是產(chǎn)生、輸送、分配、使用電能的裝置和用電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的總稱，它由用電設(shè)備、裝配電裝置、發(fā)電裝置和電纜等組成。 S7200 PLC 具有豐富的指令集成和內(nèi)置集成功能，如高速計數(shù)器 HSC、自整定 PID 和脈沖輸出PTO/PWN 等，實(shí)時特性和通訊能力強(qiáng)，擴(kuò)展模塊豐富，可靠性高。這就需要研究控制技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊技術(shù)等，船舶電站正以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、模塊化、集成化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化等方式向船舶電站綜合自動化這樣高級階段發(fā)展。到 80 年代中后期，隨著微機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的日趨成熟，國外眾多國家相繼開發(fā)研制多微機(jī)分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)型自動化控制系統(tǒng)，如：西門子、 AEG 等國際著名的大公司近期的產(chǎn)品，是目前國際上最新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。 國外船舶自動化一開始大多是從電氣部分著手，從最原始的手動本地操縱進(jìn)化成手動遙控操縱， 再進(jìn)一步發(fā)展成半自動控制，最后發(fā)展到目前的最高水平電站全自動控制的無人值班機(jī)艙。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 船舶電站，自動控制系統(tǒng)， PLC II Abstract This thesis take marine electric power plant which base on two generators for an example and designed a distributed control system after discussed the function and requirement of automatic ship power station. The station uses PLC as main control device and industrial puter as management device. This thesis make the control function modular firstly, and then designed each module control process, bined the modules anic finally in order to realize the synthetic automatic control function. In this pointtopoint control system, the PLC can acplish the function which including automatic start and stop the generator, the frequency and load regulation, and treatment of machine or electric fault, etc. The upper puter realized automatic paralleling, disengaging, and asking overload, etc. Meanwhile HumanMachine Interaction can display and record the generators state and various parameters. This distribution control system fully embodies the advantages of distributed control and central management. Key Words: Ship Power Station, Automatic Control System, PLC III 目 錄 前 言 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1 課題的組成及背景 ................................................................................................................ 3 船舶電站自動化系統(tǒng)的定義、組成和特點(diǎn) ............................................................. 3 船舶電站自動化的發(fā)展與展望 ................................................................................. 3 PLC 在船舶電站自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 ...................................................................... 4 PLC 概述 .......................................................................................................... 4 PLC 的工作原理 .............................................................................................. 5 PLC 在船舶電站自動化系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用的優(yōu)勢 .................................................. 5 本課題背景及選題意義 ............................................................................................. 5 本文的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)安排 ..................................................................................... 6 2 船舶電站自動化管 理系統(tǒng) .................................................................................................... 7 船舶電站自動化管理系統(tǒng)的總體構(gòu)成 ..................................................................... 7 船舶電站自動化管理系統(tǒng)主要功能 ......................................................................... 7 集散式船舶電站管理系統(tǒng) ......................................................................................... 9 集散式電站 ...................................................................................................... 9 信號的采集及處理 ........................................................................................ 10 檢測單元的設(shè)計 ............................................................................................ 11 3 集散式船舶電站管理系統(tǒng)的功能流程 .............................................................................. 13 機(jī)組的自動起動模塊及流程圖 ............................................................................... 13 并車運(yùn)行模塊及流程圖 ........................................................................................... 14 調(diào)頻調(diào)載模塊及流程圖 ........................................................................................... 17 重載詢問模塊及流程圖 ........................................................................................... 18 自動解列和自動停機(jī)模塊及流程圖 ....................................................................... 19 電力管理系統(tǒng)參數(shù)在線監(jiān)視與在線修改 ............................................................... 20 OP393 的連接與登錄 ..................................................................................... 22 定時器的在線監(jiān)視與在線修改 .................................................................... 23 數(shù)據(jù)塊的在線監(jiān)視與在線修改 .................................................................... 25 船舶電站管理系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控單元設(shè)計 ....................................................................... 26 上位機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)功能 .................................................................................... 26 工業(yè) PC 機(jī)控制軟件和監(jiān)測軟件結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................... 27 監(jiān)控界面簡介 ................................................................................................ 28 安全保護(hù)系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................................... 29 IV 欠壓保護(hù) ........................................................................................................ 29 過流保護(hù) ........................................................................................................ 29 逆功率保護(hù) .................................................................................................... 29 故障報警的設(shè)置 ............................................................................................ 30 4 系統(tǒng)聯(lián)調(diào)與測試 .................................................................................................................. 31 系統(tǒng)仿真 ................................................................................................................... 31 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 ................................................................................................................... 32 總 結(jié) ................................................................................................................