【正文】 of the story ??????? (3) Chapter One From an individualist to a collectivist ? (3) A. To make life by himself ????????? (4) B. To achieve through unity ??????? (7) Chapter 2 From a worldly prisoner to a disciple of Christianity ………………………………………… (7) A. A prisoner with no belief ?????? (8) B. A disciple baptized by Jim Casy and rebaptized by himself ?????????????????? (11) Chapter 3 The causes for the transition???? ?? （ 11） biblical influence ???????? (13) B. The naturalism and social surroundings?? ? (14) Conclusion ………………………………………… (15) Bibliography ……………………………………… (16) Notes ……………………………………………… (17) 摘要 約翰 .斯坦貝克生于 1902 年加利福尼亞的山谷，并攻讀于斯坦福大學(xué)（ 19191925）。 本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）冊(cè) 學(xué)院 匯華學(xué)院 專業(yè) 英語 專業(yè) 班級(jí) 2020級(jí) 9班 學(xué)生 趙興凱 指導(dǎo)教師 南方 河北師范大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)書 編 號(hào)： 2020230401339 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目： 淺析《憤怒的葡萄》中湯姆的轉(zhuǎn)變 學(xué) 院： 匯華學(xué)院 專業(yè)： 英語 班級(jí)： 2020 級(jí) 9 班 學(xué)生姓名： 趙興凱 學(xué)號(hào)： 2020512264 指導(dǎo)教師： 南方 職稱： 副教授 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）研究目標(biāo)及主要任務(wù) 研究目標(biāo)：通過對(duì)目標(biāo)人物轉(zhuǎn)變的分析，加深對(duì)作品的理解，通過對(duì)人物轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)虻姆治?，體會(huì)作者的人物塑造技巧 主要任務(wù)：研究目標(biāo)人物的轉(zhuǎn)變及其轉(zhuǎn)變的原意 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的主要內(nèi)容 湯姆的轉(zhuǎn)變及其轉(zhuǎn)變的原因，轉(zhuǎn)變主要涉及湯姆由一個(gè)個(gè)人主義者變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)集體主義者，由一個(gè)無信仰的囚徒變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)堅(jiān)持信仰的信徒。 方案設(shè)計(jì)：第一章主要介紹湯姆由一個(gè)個(gè)人主義者變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)集體主義者，第二章主要介紹湯姆由一個(gè)囚犯變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)堅(jiān)持基督信仰的信徒，第三章主要介紹造成這種轉(zhuǎn)變的原因。斯坦貝克于 1962 年獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，而他最為人所知的作品《憤怒的葡萄》被認(rèn)為是 20 世紀(jì)的經(jīng)典作品。大蕭條 不僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的災(zāi)難，而且也造成了精神上的危機(jī) 。s fierce reaction to injustice, and of a people39。 chapter two ,From a worldly prisoner to a christen , chapter three, The causes for Tom?s transition. The introduction has provided some basic information about Steinbeck and his literary creations, including his status in and contributions to American literature. The chapter one shows some ideas about the individual and collective thoughts of Tom Joad, the one show the changes take place on Tom?s body and mind, and the results of the changes brought about. The chapter two provides the basic information about the Tom?s changes from a worldly prisoner to a disciple. The chapter three shows the causes for the transition, and analysis the social surroundings and the dominant ideas in that period. Key words: transition： individualist： collectivist ： worldliness ： disciple Introduction A The Life Experience of John Steinbeck An American novelist, short story writer and journalist, John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902 .His father was a government official ,and his mother a school teacher. He grew up at home reading British and French classics. He attended Stanford University intermittently between 1919 and 1925. Steinbeck did not graduate from the University , but instead chose to support himself through manual labor while writing. Steinbeck worked as an assistant chemist and a roadbuilding worker and was once employed on ranches, which enabled him to be familiar with the land and the laborers there. These experiences among the working classes in California provided firsthand observation of the attitudes, manners and language of the working men, and consequently lent authenticity to his depiction of the lives of the laborers who are the central characters of his most important novels. It is clear that environment, whether the accident of his birth and growth in the Salinas Valley of California or his own selection of various laboring jobs, figures largely in the source material of Steinbeck39。s first novel Cup of Gold, a romantic historical novel of adventure, appeared two months after the stock market crash of 1929 and the depression, it attracted little attention. His two subsequent novels, The Pastures of Heaven and To a God Unknown, again brought Steinbeck neither fame nor fortune. All these three novels were unsuccessful both critically and mercially. Steinbeck39。s writings has been founded on the works produced by him in this period. On the whole, it was a period when Steinbeck became mature in art, and produced his representative works. From Dubious Battle to The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck wrote the history of 1930s America in his specific way, interpreting his contemporaries39。 his last fulllength work, American and Americans, had not been widely reviewed, being mistakenly regarded as merely a glossy coffee table book. B The Background of the Story The 1930s is a turbulent times ,strikes took places in several big cities because of industrial depression and uneven distribution of wealth。 it was a symbol of the horror in store for midwestern and southwestern tanners. As the drought worsened, the topsoil of this region was lifted and blew away by the constant winds. We have a very detailed, impressive description of this phenomenon in the first chapter of the novel. The opening line of the novel is panoramic as it evokes the red country and part of the gray country of Oklahoma, the last rains came gently, and they did not cut the scarred earth. Following this panoramic, generalized opening, the paragraph begins to focus on the plows crossed and recrossed the rivulet marks. And finally, from the vague, impressionistic opening image, our vision moves from the distant, the growing corn, to the very close description, the line of brown that spreads “along the edge of each green bayo. And then the novel begins to register broader details of clouds and generalized weeds until the paragraph ends where it begins, with a panoramic image of the earth, which became pale, pink: in the red country and white in the gray country.4(Ibid,256). The influence of the Great Depress