【正文】 he sector is to be able to advance to its full potential. Entry into the WTO was predicted to have a dramatic impact on the country39。s rural areas. This includes 500 million rural labourers, 180 million of whom are in search of work. Many of these labourers have flooded to booming cities like Beijing and coastal cities, where construction work is plentiful. Alongside labour surpluses, poor quality and technology shortfalls in its agricultural sector, food safety and organic horticulture have bee hot issues in Chinese farming circles. Attractive products are essential if Chinese farmers are to succeed in the tougher mercial world regulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Despite drought and the petitive challenges of WTO membership, China39。s indigenous pigmeat sector was worth US$ 44 million in 2020, making it the world leader in this sector. Rice is the single most valuable modity, however, with the total for 2020 running to US$ 180 million. Fresh vegetables, maize, sweet potatoes and wheat are the next most important agricultural products in value terms, earning 133 million, 124 million, 120 million and US$ 89 million, respectively. China lags behind the USA in maize production but leads India as the world39。s Agricultural Revolution Foreign buyers, food processors seek out Chinese farm produce, while farmers bee priority of government reform. A point of view from overseas. ◆ By Mark Godfrey Walking into a typical Beijing supermarket is being more and more of a Western experience. Large quantities of Western products imported or produced locally are available, along with Westernised food products produced by local food panies. At a recent agricultural trade fair meanwhile, purchasers came from around the world to Beijing to place orders for Chinese foodstuffs, praising both their quality and affordability. Whatever one may say about quantity, quality has often been perceived to be lacking in China39。這些努力對中國經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)繁榮起到重要作用。歐洲的經(jīng)濟學者 Eoin Fahy 認為 ,如果中國在 2020 年前 GDP 能占到世界 GDP 的 %，那么從 2020年中國 GDP 將以高于 8%的速度增長。不達標的基礎設施以及惡劣的交通條件也在增加著成本，制約地區(qū)發(fā)展 .盡管自 1998 年以來中國政府已經(jīng)舉措減少對經(jīng)濟束縛并刺激消費，但二者均向沿海城市傾斜?？傊捎趪H市場泛濫 3 的輸出，中國國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)收入將會降低，最終使其忽視世界貿(mào)易組織的關(guān)稅 規(guī)定。 在具有成本效益的美國，澳大利亞和歐洲，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)對大量的農(nóng)民造成了經(jīng)濟的創(chuàng)傷，農(nóng)民收入呈現(xiàn)下滑的趨勢。 Raviprasad Narayanan,一個最近剛到上海社會科學院地訪問學者，認為，加入世界貿(mào)易市場將會對中國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)生極大的沖擊和挑戰(zhàn)，他說，加入世貿(mào)后，中國必須向全體會員國開放國內(nèi)市場，外國廠商將會大量涌入，勢必將會對國內(nèi)市場產(chǎn)生巨大沖擊，將會不利于當?shù)剞r(nóng)民。其中大多為中國最大的貿(mào)易競爭者和貿(mào)易伙伴所生產(chǎn)：玉米，棉花，橄欖油，油菜籽，米，毛紡織品，大豆油，糖，小麥，和羊毛。一般認為，進入世貿(mào)的前五年，是中國農(nóng)業(yè)的最困難時期。有人 預測中國加入 WTO 后，估計國內(nèi)將會有 8 億農(nóng)民受到深刻的影響，戲劇性的是，中國的農(nóng)業(yè)加工業(yè)受到的沖擊小于其作為 WTO 成員國的前一年，取而代之的是新的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出超記錄。然而無論在哪，質(zhì)量永遠是關(guān)鍵。這種趨勢是否能繼續(xù)是不確定的，因為種植谷物的土地正因為政府的努力收縮而減少。目前本國鄉(xiāng)下的巨大市場還沒有開發(fā)成生產(chǎn)者的天堂，國內(nèi)需求受到抑制，因為內(nèi)地的銷售方式不靈活，造成城鄉(xiāng)收入差距逐漸擴大。這些勞動者大量地流入到像北京上海這樣的沿海的急速發(fā)展的城市，因為那里有許多建筑性的工作需要勞動力。 在玉米生產(chǎn)上中國落后于美國，但在大米生產(chǎn)上遙遙領先于印度。當前，限制中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的最大因素被認為是技術(shù)落后以及限制出口。這是因為他們認為中國的食品有供應保障及很 大的購買優(yōu)勢。中文 2821