公眾參與使城市規(guī)劃制定更加的民主外文翻譯-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 ians, agree that planning is not democratic enough, as it lacks the integrated representation of different sectors of society (Forester, 1999。 Practice ABSTRACT: The article examines the alleged connection between the goal of democratization of the Israeli planning system and ?public participation in planning?. It begins by claiming that the planning system in Israel is a nondemocratic environment within the democratic state. This situation has stimulated the enormous development of theoretical and practical work relating to ?public participation?. Yet, statutory and voluntary participation mechanisms in Israel have not been able to in?uence the decisionmaking structure in planning. Moreover, most public organizations and NGOs that are supposed to represent the voice of the public are far from being genuine public delegates. The article also relates to the power/knowledge problem, stating that participation processes cannot escape it. The article highlights the widely experienced tensions between the democratization of planning through more consultative and participative processes, the role of elected representatives and of civil society movements which choose cooperative rather than oppositional strategies. Introduction Public participation is an idea that has been around for a long time, as long as modern urban planning. Yet it refuses to exhaust itself or bee jaded. On the contrary, a brief look at recent planning practice and academic studies will reveal that public participation is the subject of an ongoing, lively debate. It is in the forefront of the latest planning projects, opens leading international planning conferences and is the topic of some of the most fashionable books. Interest in the subject does not seem to fade, therefore it is safe to assume that the large body of academic and practical work dealing with public participation will continue to grow. This article focuses on the barriers to public participation in the Israeli planning system and the uneasy relationship that exists in Israel between ?participation? and the ?democratization of planning?. The article begins by contending that planning represents a nondemocratic environment 畢業(yè)論文：外文翻譯
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