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1991年考研英語語法詞匯試題精選-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 句修飾先行詞 a drug。 on the contrary it is very interesting.(我原以為這部電影會(huì)很糟糕,結(jié)果相反,它很有意思。) Come on, or you will miss the chance.(加油,否則你將失去這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。) 22.[考點(diǎn)] 固定句型 [分析] 本題考查固定句型:“祈使句 +or (else) /and you will...”。) She saw the thief caught by policemen.(她看見那個(gè)小偷被警察抓住了。 [補(bǔ)充] 分詞作補(bǔ)語。 reject 意為“拒絕,抵制,駁回”,如: reject an appeal/ a claim(駁回上訴 /拒絕索賠)。 vanish 意為“消失”,如: vanish in darkness(在黑暗中消失),由于 vanish 只作不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有過去分詞形式,因此首先排除[ A]項(xiàng)。) Presently, I fell asleep.(不久我就睡著了。)因此,[ D]項(xiàng)正確。如: Heated, the metal expands. (加熱后,這種金屬會(huì)膨脹。) ( 3)分詞的完成式( 即 having done, having been done),表示分詞動(dòng)作在主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表示被動(dòng),只表示完成,如: risen sun(升起的太陽)。 [補(bǔ)充] 1)分詞作狀語 ( 1)分詞作狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句,可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。由于狀語的邏輯主語(即主句主語 Anna)和分詞動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即 be lost to the world “全神貫注于某事而不注意周圍的事物”,因此這里應(yīng)該使用過去分詞作狀語,[ D]項(xiàng) lost正確。) (6) immediately/instantly/directly,如: Immediately the discussion was finished, the meeting was over. (討論一完畢,會(huì)就散了。) (2) as soon as,如: As soon as she entered the room, she knew there was something wrong.(她剛進(jìn)屋就知道有點(diǎn)不對(duì)勁。)因此,[ B]項(xiàng)搭配錯(cuò)誤,[ D]項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)改為過去完成時(shí)。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí), when 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí);當(dāng) hardly 置于句首時(shí),要求部分倒裝,即助動(dòng)詞提到主語前,如: We had hardly(或 Hardly had we) sat down at the table, when the phone rang.(我們剛在桌子旁坐下,電話鈴就響了。如: You could have finished your paper if you hadn’ t gone to the party.(如果不去 參加聚會(huì),你本可以完成你的作業(yè)的。) ( 3)“ can/could(not) + have+過去分詞”有兩種用法。 [補(bǔ)充] “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞完成式”結(jié)構(gòu)(即“ may, must, should 等 +have+過去分詞”) ( 1)“ must + have+過去分詞”表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定性推測(cè),意為“一定,必定已經(jīng)”。)顯然,它們都不符合句意。) 17.[考點(diǎn)] “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞完成式”結(jié)構(gòu) [分析] 題目中表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞 otherwise(否則)實(shí)際上暗示了虛擬條件的存在,根據(jù)其下文的內(nèi)容可知,它相當(dāng)于 If Mary had received my letter。這類句子大都表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。) as for 意為“至于,關(guān)于 ”,如: As for the food for the party, that’ s all being taken care of.(關(guān)于聚會(huì)要用的食物,都在置辦當(dāng)中。 16.[考點(diǎn)] 暗示虛擬條件的詞語 [分析] 本題選項(xiàng)都是介詞短語。 assemble 意為“裝配,集合, 聚集”,如: assemble a machine/data(裝配機(jī)器 /匯集數(shù)據(jù))。 ( 4) anterior(比??前面的,在前的), subsequent(在??之后), previous(比?在前的,早先的),如: ages anterior to the flood(洪水前的各 個(gè)時(shí)期); events that happened subsequent to the accident(事故之后發(fā)生的事); on some day previous to Christmas(在圣誕節(jié)前的某一天)。 [補(bǔ)充] 有些形容詞本身沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),但是與介詞 to 連用可以表示比較含義(注意:不能與 than 連用),這類詞常見的有: ( 1) junior(比??年輕 /級(jí)別低), senior(比??年長 /級(jí)別高),如: She is junior/senior to me.(她比我年紀(jì)小 /大。) super多用于口語,意 為“頂好的,超級(jí)的”,如: a super meal/place(一頓美餐;一個(gè)很棒的地方)。)根據(jù)句意,這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的不是講話的“部分內(nèi)容”或“含義”,而是“要點(diǎn)”,因此,[ D]項(xiàng)正確。) spot 意為“斑點(diǎn),地點(diǎn)”,如: a black skirt with white spots(黑底白點(diǎn)的裙子); a quiet spot(寧靜的地方)。)本句中, it 為形式主語,不定式 to die on one’ s feet 為真正的主語, than 后應(yīng)接不定式結(jié)構(gòu),與主語不定式構(gòu)成比較關(guān)系。) ( 2) cannot but do (=cannot help but do),如: Talk to the guy for five minutes, and you can’ t help but like him.(去和那個(gè)人聊上五分鐘,你也會(huì)禁不住喜歡他的。)根據(jù)句意,[ D]項(xiàng)顯然不對(duì)。定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但應(yīng)放在 all, both, double,half, twice, three times 等詞之后,名詞之前。③ quite 同形容詞連用修飾名詞時(shí),應(yīng)置于不定冠詞前。不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但是下列情況除外:①位于下列形容詞之后: such, what, many, half。正確答案是[ A] a rather strong opinion。)根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)該選擇[ C] consent。) conviction 作可數(shù)名詞,意為“定罪”;作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“深信,肯定”,如: She had six previous convictions for theft.(她有六次盜竊前科。)⑤ thick 指“遲鈍的,愚笨的”,如:as thick as two short planks(笨得像木頭人)。 [補(bǔ)充] 近義形容詞: ( 1)可以修飾人的有:① boring“令人厭煩的”,如: Her husband is the most boring person I’ ve ever met.(她丈夫是我所遇到的最讓人討厭的人。 awkward修飾事物時(shí)意為“令人尷尬的,難對(duì)付的”,如: an awkward silence/question(令人尷尬的沉默 /不好回答的問題);修飾人時(shí)意為“笨拙的 ,姿勢(shì)不優(yōu)美的”,如: He tried to dance, but he was too awkward.(他試著跳舞,但是太笨拙。) ( 2) They will have graduated before 2020.(他們?cè)?2020 年前就會(huì)畢業(yè)了。 [句意] 到 2020 年時(shí),科學(xué)家將可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了治療癌癥的方法。如: He ought to have arrived by now/by this time.(他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到了。如: ( 1)與過去事實(shí)相反: Had he not been promoted (= If he had not been promoted), he would never have remained with the pany.(如果他的職位沒有得到晉升,他早就不在這個(gè)公司了。) There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.(因?yàn)楹瞄L時(shí)間沒有下雨了,地面非常干燥。根據(jù)虛擬條件句的省略和倒裝原則,應(yīng)該將 were, had 或 should 提前到句首。)根據(jù)句意,“建議”應(yīng)該被“考慮”,因此[ D] consider 正確。) 5.[考點(diǎn)] 動(dòng)賓搭配 [分析] admit 意為“承認(rèn),接納,容許”,如: admit one’ s mistakes/one’ s guilt/little light into the room(承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤 /認(rèn)罪 /允許少量光線進(jìn)入房間內(nèi))。 [補(bǔ)充] in 構(gòu)成的固定短語: in a word 簡言之,一句話,總之; in any event 無論如何; in conclusion 總之; in earnest認(rèn)真地; in general一般來說; in one’ s way 妨礙; in public 公開地; in secret秘密地; in the air傳播; in times 時(shí)常。總之,已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。 4.[考點(diǎn)] 固定短語辨析 [分析] 選項(xiàng)都是含介詞 in 的固定短語。 ( 4) uniform 意為“一致的,統(tǒng)一的,一律的”,如: uniform rates of pay(統(tǒng)一的薪資標(biāo)準(zhǔn))。 [句意] 任何與孩子們?cè)谝黄鸫^的人都會(huì)察覺到男孩和女孩對(duì)類似情形的反應(yīng)方式的不同。) alike 意為“相像的,相似的”,一般只作表語,如: My sister and I do not look alike.(我和妹妹外貌不相像。) [句意] 我一回來,就得知史密斯教授去了博物館,幾個(gè)小時(shí)后才會(huì)回來。) (what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作主語 ); He is not what he used to be.(他和過去不一樣了。 [補(bǔ)充] what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,包括主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句(不可引導(dǎo) 同位語從句)。正確答案為[ C] what,這里 what作關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于“ the thing which (that)”。 1991 年考研英語語法詞匯試題精選 Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions: In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably plete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 1. They lost their way in the forest, and made matters worse was that night began to fall. [ A] that [ B] it [ C] what [ D] which 2. my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours. [ A] At [ B] On [ C] With [ D] During 3. Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to situations. [ A] similar [ B] alike [ C] same [ D] likely 4. There is not much time left??崭裉幪钊氲脑~既要引導(dǎo)主語從句,又要在從句中作主語。) [句意] 他們?cè)谏种忻粤寺?,而使事情更為糟糕的是夜幕開始降臨。)( what引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作主語); Nobody knows what will happen next.(沒有人知道接下來要發(fā)生什么。如: On arriving (或 On arrival) I discovered they had gone.(我一到達(dá)就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)離開了。) The two houses are similar in size.(兩座房子大小差不多。因此,從含義上和語法上都符合句子要求的是[ A] similar, similar situation 表示“類似的情形”。) ( 3) parallel意為“極相似的,同時(shí)發(fā)生的”,如: a parallel case(極相似的事例), parallel trends(并行發(fā)展的趨勢(shì) )。) ( 7) homogeneous 意為 “由相同或同類型事物或人組成的,同種類的”,如: a homogeneous group(相同成分組成的群體)。) in short “
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