【正文】
the emergence of cracks on the cast is basically not found. Different and the same construction of concrete cracks in the ranks of different levels, the construction technology and the environment that conditions on the nonstructural cracks in concrete play a decisive role. 3, the temperature of mass concrete cracks Hydration process of cement hydration have some heat, and most of its heat is released within three days, concrete is a poor conductor of heat, especially the large volume of concrete, resulting in a large number of hydration heat is not easy to distribute, the internal temperature rising , and the concrete surface heat faster, so have a temperature gradient inside and outside the crosssection, especially when the 4 temperature difference between day and night, the temperature difference between inside and outside the greater thermal expansion of concrete deformation of the internal pressure, external concrete shrinkage deformation, resulting in tensile stress, as the concrete in this when the lower tensile strength, internal tensile stress when the concrete tensile strength of more than concrete, the concrete will crack, the crack gap generally deeper, and sometimes a crosscutting nature, the basement of a project for film rib raft foundation beam, rib 900 1600mm beam surface coefficient small, each cement concrete 425 R amp。但是,目前使用商品混凝土施工的工程出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量事故的現(xiàn)象也很多,其中最常見的當(dāng)數(shù)裂縫問(wèn)題,尤其是表面系數(shù)大的板、墻以及大體積混凝土施工工藝不良等原因造成混凝土出現(xiàn)裂縫的問(wèn)題,引起了很多不必要的糾紛,有些早期裂縫如果早發(fā)現(xiàn)早處理的話是不會(huì)影響結(jié)構(gòu)物的外觀及使用的。 預(yù)防的措施是在滿足泵送和施工的前提下盡可能減小混凝土塌落度,施工過(guò)程中應(yīng)經(jīng)常觀察模板的位移和混凝土澆搗的密實(shí)情況,不能漏振、過(guò)振,且在第一次振搗后間隔 20~ 30mm 后,進(jìn)行第二次復(fù)振。 預(yù)防的辦法是施工單位在澆注混凝土后要及時(shí)覆蓋養(yǎng)護(hù),增加環(huán)境濕度,商品混凝土公司在滿足可泵性、和易性的前提下盡量減小出機(jī)塌落度、降低砂率、嚴(yán)格控制骨料的含泥量、摻加粉煤灰等混合材,如出現(xiàn)裂縫在混凝土終凝前進(jìn)行二次抹光,然后及時(shí)灑水或覆蓋。且相同的混凝土不同的施工隊(duì)伍裂縫程度不同,此說(shuō)明施工工藝與 環(huán)境條件對(duì)混凝土非結(jié)構(gòu)性裂縫起決定性作用。 因此只有供應(yīng)單位和施工單位雙方密切配合并嚴(yán)格遵照商品混凝土的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范進(jìn)行管理生產(chǎn)和施工才能切實(shí)保證混凝土的質(zhì)量。 預(yù)防措施是配制大體積混凝土宜使用低水化熱水泥如礦渣水泥、摻加膨脹劑,更重要的是施工單位要設(shè)置測(cè)溫裝置,同時(shí)采取保溫措施,如采用塑料薄膜和草袋履蓋以確保內(nèi)外溫差小于 25℃ 。我們?cè)龅揭还こ淘跐舶暹^(guò)程中,正值 8 月份炎熱季節(jié),上午澆注的混凝土到中午就開始出現(xiàn)裂縫,至下午我們建議未終凝的部分進(jìn)行二次抹光,裂縫消失 (注:二次抹光的時(shí)機(jī)要掌握好,因初凝前作用很小,終凝后抹不動(dòng) )但是已終凝的部分裂縫大部分已穿透板面,并呈龜裂狀,傍晚澆注的混凝土通過(guò)調(diào)整配比,去掉其中摻用的細(xì)砂,未再發(fā)現(xiàn)裂縫。 6 塑性收縮裂縫 混凝土澆注后仍處于塑性狀態(tài)時(shí),由于表面水分蒸 發(fā)過(guò)快而產(chǎn)生的裂縫,這類裂縫隙多在表面出現(xiàn),形狀不規(guī)則、長(zhǎng)短寬窄不一、呈龜裂狀,深度一般不超過(guò) 50mm,但薄板結(jié)構(gòu)如果混凝土中摻有含泥量大的粉砂則可能被穿透。 混凝土骨料塑性沉落引起的裂縫