【正文】
al, pit is dug well bottom backfilling 20 ~ 30 cm. Plant soil to choose the water and fertilizer, gas and heat condition good soil. General use sand mix loess (2:1) as transplanting the soil after they colonize is good, one is the roots and affinity. In the big tree planting, sediment mix loess easy and paste it roots。 Second, using a drill holes drilled in the trunk, hole depth 2 ~ 3 cm, the tree trunk in different parts of the drill three to five holes, so that infusion needle inserted, nutrition droplets in the trees。從大樹移植前的準(zhǔn)備、移植樹的挖及栽植、移 植后的養(yǎng)護(hù)管理等環(huán)節(jié)介紹了大樹移植技術(shù),以為做好城市綠化大樹移植提供參考?,F(xiàn)將其移植技術(shù)介紹如下。修剪時(shí)剪口必須平滑,截面盡量縮小,修剪 2 cm 粗以上的枝條。栽植土壤要選擇水、肥、 氣、熱狀況良好的土壤。 2 移植樹的挖掘及栽植 大樹移植時(shí)間 大樹移植要在樹木休眠期進(jìn)行,春、秋 2 季均可,以春季樹液流動(dòng)前最佳。挖掘過程中,遇粗根時(shí)用手鋸鋸斷,以免根部劈裂。用吊 車吊苗時(shí),鋼絲繩與土球接觸面放置 3 cm 厚的木塊,以防止土球因局部受力過大而松散。 栽植要求 栽植時(shí)選好主要觀賞方向,并兼顧陰陽面,如有樹彎應(yīng)盡量迎風(fēng)。裸根樹木栽植時(shí),根系要舒展,不得窩根,當(dāng)填土至坑的 1/2 時(shí),將苗木輕輕提幾下,再填土、夯實(shí)。 纏草綁 先用草簾或直接用草將樹 干包好,然后用細(xì)草繩將其固定在樹干上,再用水管或噴霧器將稻草噴濕。具體方法:首先,在醫(yī)院收集一些廢舊的輸液器和塑料瓶子(舊可樂瓶子),用來盛裝配好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液;其次,用電鉆在 樹干上鉆小孔,小孔深度 2~3cm,大樹在主干的不同部位鉆 3~5 個(gè)小孔,以便輸液針頭插入,將營(yíng)養(yǎng)液滴入樹體內(nèi);最后,將配好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液掛在樹干上,接好輸液器,把針頭插入鉆好的小孔內(nèi),并把針頭與小孔用膠密封,以防營(yíng)養(yǎng)液外流。還可用植物生物調(diào)節(jié)劑或 ABT 生根粉水溶液灌根,可以迅速恢復(fù)樹木的根系生長(zhǎng),成活率提高 20%~30%。另 外,冬季在大樹主干上涂刷防啃劑、石灰、涂料等進(jìn)行保護(hù)和驅(qū)避害蟲??捎枚嗑`或托布津、敵殺死等農(nóng)藥混合噴施,可以預(yù)防蛀干、食葉害蟲和病害。 移栽后的施肥 由于樹木損傷大,第 1 年不能施肥,第 2 年根據(jù)樹的生長(zhǎng)情況進(jìn)行肥水灌根,施農(nóng)家肥或葉面噴肥等。樹坑澆透水后用地膜覆蓋,地膜周邊用土壓好,這樣可利用土壤溫度的調(diào)節(jié)作用,保證被包裹樹干空間內(nèi)有足夠的溫度和濕度,省去補(bǔ)充澆水。大樹栽植后應(yīng)立即整修樹盤并留好樹池,當(dāng)天灌水,灌足灌透,同時(shí)還可配合 ABT 生根粉灌根等措施。栽植深度略深于原來的 4~6 cm。 大樹的運(yùn)輸 在大樹運(yùn)輸中為防止大樹下部枝干折傷,在樹干上要纏上草簾子或用草繩在樹干上多纏幾圈,以防在運(yùn)輸過程中刮磨樹皮。對(duì)于常綠樹種和不易成活的落葉樹種,移栽時(shí)必須帶土球,土球直徑為樹干胸徑的 7~10 倍左右,土球要完好、平整。 6 移植樹的挖掘 挖掘裸根苗木時(shí),首先要保證苗木根系少受損傷。在栽培大樹時(shí),泥沙拌黃土易與樹根貼實(shí);二是通氣性好,能增加地溫,促進(jìn)根系的萌芽;三是排水性能好。剪口應(yīng)涂抹防腐劑或油漆,或用塑料薄膜包扎,以防病蟲侵害和腐爛 [1]。確定移植的苗木在移植前根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行修剪、斷根、噴 藥等技術(shù)處理,裸根移植一般采取重修剪,剪去枝條的 1/3~1/2。城鄉(xiāng)綠化建設(shè)中經(jīng)常用大樹移栽的方法來點(diǎn)綴小區(qū)景點(diǎn),增強(qiáng)綠化美化效果。t fertilizing, according to the growth of trees in 2 on water irrigation root, spraying on the fat farm manure by。 Three is drainage performance is good. The rainy season can quickly row off excess water, water during the dry season can absorb quickly, spread. 2. Transplantation of mining and planting trees Trees transplant time The tree in the trees to transplant dormant, spring and autumn season 2 all can, to the spring tree before flow is the best. In the north of China for late march and April occurrence peak, this time the trees also in dormancy, tree SAP has not flow, the best season for transplantation trees. Transplant tree mining Mining bare root seedlings, the first to ensure the seedling root less damaged. Bare root mining is applicable to survive easily, diameter at breast height 10 to 20