外文翻譯--荷蘭的可持續(xù)建筑政策：發(fā)展中國家的一個模式-全文預覽
【正文】 a in developing countries when pared to developed ones. Another aspect that distinguishes developed and developing countries is the current legislative framework applied to the construction industry, as in developing countries it frequently has a limited environmental content—norms and standards, for instance, do not go beyond what can be considered ?reasonable‘ in environmental terms, such as minimum requirements of natural ventilation and lighting inside buildings to a void excessive energy use. Against this background, the construction industry in developing countries tends to be most monly reactive, attempting to ply with existing regulations rather than seek bench marks and market differentiation through environmental gains (Ibid.).Although certa in environmentally friendly products and building ponents are already available in the market , as remarked by John et al. [20] in the case of Brazil , there is a lack of global solutions that seek to achieve more prehensive environmental effects. This way, environmental innovations in the building sector tend to emerge rather punctually in developing countries,as isolated examples, as these countries lack an under lying,more institutionalized background for environmental change. It can be argued that a more solid sustainable building policy framework is still to be elaborated for the developing world, and in this context the Dutch experience can in certa in aspects serve as a useful example. By fostering the environmental selfregulation of the construction sector through a bination of ?constraining‘ and ?enabling‘ policies, including an energy performance standard, packages for sustainable building, covenants, and advisory systems, the Dutch sustainable building policy framework offers certain advantages to help formulate a sustainable building agenda for developing countries. It shows that it is possible to integrate financial and environmental objectives within a framework of rapid urban developmen t without changing fundamentally the dynamics and technologies that are already in place, but rather by refining them with an environmental content. It also reveals that it is possible to achieve a (partial) alleviation of the state from environmental care issues and have actors involved in the construction sector implementing sustainable building practices more voluntarily and proactively, seeking benchmarks to render the buildings they produce or occupy more efficient. The government plays an important role in agendizing environmental problems and orienting environmental change practices through policies, however the sustainable building agenda is mostly implemented by actors involved in the construction sector and/or endusers themselves. However, when considering the applicability of the Dutch model to developing countries, a final remark should be made regarding the institutional preconditions that are imperative. In a way, a certain degree of ?modernization‘ needs to be in place in order to initiate an ?ecological modernization‘ process, including an advanced level of technological development (see, for instance, [21] ). It is selfevident that these preconditions do not always exist in the developing world, particularly in the case of lowine countries, such as those in the subSaharan African region or regions marked by chronic poverty in middlein
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