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機(jī)械外文翻譯---機(jī)構(gòu)介紹-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 施加到輸入桿上的力有多大,輸出桿都無法運(yùn)動(dòng)。 如果機(jī)構(gòu)具有一個(gè)自由度(例如四連桿),則確定一個(gè)位置參數(shù),如輸入桿的角度,就完全確定了該機(jī)構(gòu)其余桿件的位置(忽視分支機(jī)構(gòu)的可能性)。原點(diǎn)代表機(jī)構(gòu)上所有速度為零點(diǎn)。瞬心是一個(gè)點(diǎn),該點(diǎn)在那一瞬間,機(jī)構(gòu)上的兩構(gòu)件之間不存在相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。由于最終的目的是機(jī)器和機(jī)構(gòu)慣性力的分析,因而所有加速度的各分量都應(yīng)該同時(shí)畫在同 一坐標(biāo)系中,即畫在機(jī)構(gòu)的固定構(gòu)件的慣性坐標(biāo)系中。另一個(gè)分量總是指向物體的回轉(zhuǎn)中民,叫做法向或向心加速度,這個(gè)分量因速度矢量的方向發(fā)生改變而存在。一個(gè)分量方向與該點(diǎn)的軌跡相切,指向與該物體的角加速度的方向相同,叫做切向加速度。該理論認(rèn)為:彼此相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的三個(gè)瞬心必定在一條直線上。速度多邊形上的 任意兩點(diǎn)間的連線代表了該機(jī)構(gòu) 對(duì)應(yīng)兩點(diǎn)的相對(duì)速度。當(dāng)分析各種位置或各種不同機(jī)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,這個(gè)分析表達(dá)式比幾何圖形分析程序要有用得多,因?yàn)檫@種表達(dá)式更易于編程進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化計(jì)算。現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)研究出用矩陣來衡量連桿機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞的效果的定義。在機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)期間,傳動(dòng)角在改變。 除了要具備構(gòu)件回轉(zhuǎn)范圍的知識(shí),制造這前先建立一個(gè)檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”效果的度量方法也是很有用的。格拉肖夫準(zhǔn)則表明:如果任意兩桿之間 能作連續(xù)的相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),那么平面連桿中最長(zhǎng)桿與最短桿的長(zhǎng)度之和。 我們已經(jīng)知道四連桿具有一個(gè)自由度。想象相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的能力,推想出一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)按現(xiàn)在那樣的方式設(shè)計(jì)的原因并對(duì)一個(gè)具體設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)的能力是一個(gè)成功的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)家的標(biāo)志。 畫運(yùn)動(dòng)圖和確定機(jī)構(gòu)自由度的過程,是機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)分析和綜合過程的第一個(gè)階段。)你還可以設(shè)想這些元件在一起形成各種類型連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的可能性。我們所說的自由度,指的是使機(jī)構(gòu)所有構(gòu)件相對(duì)于機(jī)架具有確定位置所需要的獨(dú)立輸入的數(shù)目。對(duì)于比較復(fù)雜的機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)分析,第一步是繪制等效運(yùn)動(dòng)圖或示意圖這種示意圖類似于電路示意圖,僅僅表示出機(jī) 黃石理工學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 構(gòu)的主要本質(zhì),體現(xiàn)影響其運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵尺寸。 雖然四連桿和曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用非常廣泛,但是我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的性能仍然有限。曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)就是一個(gè)四連桿,只不過用滑塊替換了一個(gè)無限長(zhǎng)的輸出桿。連接動(dòng)力源或原動(dòng)件的桿叫輸入桿,有一個(gè)移動(dòng)鉸和一個(gè)固定鉸。換句話說,機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的剛性桿件之間能夠相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng),而結(jié)構(gòu)則 不能。否則,該系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)非約束運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈。 ( 2) 凸輪系統(tǒng),把輸入零件的均勻運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換成輸出零件的非今年暈運(yùn)動(dòng)的裝置。Matrixbased definitions have been developed which measure the ability of a linkage to transmit motion。 For the analysis of lowspeed operations or for an easily obtainable index of how any mechanism might run, the concept of the transmission angle is extremely useful。 Note that the relative motion between links of a mechanism does not change indifferent inversions。 As a particular case, in a parallelogram linkage,where the length of the input link equals that of the output link and the lengths of the coupler and the ground link are also the same, both the input and output link may rotate entirely around or switch into a crossed configuration called an antiparallelogram linkage。 We already known that a fourbar linkage has one degree of freedom。 The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason Why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician。 The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and determining degrees of freedom of mechanisms are the first steps in both the kinematic analysis and synthesis process。 Furthermore, imagine the possibility of forming all sorts of linkage types by putting these ponents together。 By degree of freedom we mean the number of independent inputs required to determine the positions of all links of the mechanism with respect toground。 The kinematic diagram takes one of two forms: a sketch( proportional but not exactly to scale), and the scaled kinematic diagram( usually used to further analysis: position, displacement, velocity,acceleration, force and torque transmission, etc。 Linkages with more members are often used in more demanding circumstances。 The slidercrank ( or crank and slider) mechanism is a fourbar chain with a slinder replacing an infinitely long output link。 a structure does not. Since linkages make simple mechanisms and can be designed to perform plex tasks, such as nonlinear motion and force ransmission, they will receive much attention in mechanism study. Mechanisms are used in a great variety
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