【正文】 nomenon is not widespread due to the high cost of development and lack of interaction. problems with using technology to educate include its expense, the fact that developing lessons through technology is time intensive, and the limited evidence that teaching through technology is the same or better than traditional methods.Governments while governments can be slow to use new technology due to limited budgets, long procurement cycles, and smaller IS staffs, there is much to gain from applying technology. The federal government has used the Internet and bulletin board systems to provide information and responses, including the filing of tax forms. Politicians are likely to use more technology during campaigns to target voters, write letters, solicit contributions, and announce meetings.Access to technology the gap between the haves and the havenots can easily be widened through the abuse of technology. This occurs most readily through the control of access to technology. Many suggest that as panies get new hardware and software, the old equipment should be donated to poor schools or poor countries. although this technology might be pletely outdated, the recipients might other hand, rapid advances in technology and decreasing costs of hardware sometimes cost the nonprofit organization more than the outdated equipment is worth. 。 a fellow standard, MPEG II, is designed to operate bandwidths between 4 and 10 Mbps. MPEG is supported in many multimedia application software products and in puterized video recording, storage, and playback devices, including CDROMS.Document Management Networks have made it next to impossible to find the document you want when you want it. Files are often scattered across myriad puters, storage devices, applications, directories, and file formats on the corporate LAN and WAN. The rapid development of the World Wide Web has exacerbated the problem of maintaining, managing, indexing, and finding important business documents under the guise of home pages by allowing users to publish and distribute HTMLformatted files far and wide across the Internet and corporate intranets. The development of powerful search engine software (such as Alta Vista) was in inevitable consequence of this trend, enabling users to tap into basic documentmanagement functions text indexing, search, and retrieval in order to harness the unruly but infinitely rich information resources of this new world. Workflow capabilities are a natural extension of document management systems and are supported in many of today39。s consciousness since 1984. Most today39。大多數(shù)ERP系統(tǒng)都在改進它們的產(chǎn)品，便之成為因特網(wǎng)推動的，從而全世界的客戶都可直接訪問供應商的ERP系統(tǒng)。這就必須快速實現(xiàn)，從而縮短投資回收期。10)本地支持的基礎實施。2)ERP系統(tǒng)各個組件之間的整合程度:3)靈活性和可擴性。擁有集中式或者分散式的記賬功能以及能把整個公司的信息匯總起來的靈活性是必不可少的。 越來越多的公司正在成為全球化經(jīng)營的公司，關注著業(yè)務的小型化和分散化。 系統(tǒng)應該非常完整，以支持分立式和過程式兩種制造形式。無縫整合對為企業(yè)提供可見性和一致性是不可缺少的。在90年代初，MRP讓IT進一步擴展到包含諸如工程設計、財務、人事管理、項目管理等領域，即任何工商業(yè)企業(yè)中的全部活動。ERP系統(tǒng)——進展 60年代制造系統(tǒng)的焦點是庫存控制6)提供更可靠的交付日期和對顧客的更好服務。這對制造商施加了巨大的壓力，要求:1)降低整個供應鏈的成本。 client/server capabilities, database independence, security 8) Availability of regular upgrades 9) Amount of customization required 10) Local support infrastructure II) Availability of reference sites 12) Total costs,including cost of license, training, implementation, maintenance, customization and hardware requirements.ERP SystemsImplementation The success of an ERP solution depends on how quick the benefits can be reaped from it. This necessitates rapid implementations which lead to shortened ROI periods. Traditional approach to implementation has been to carry out a Business Process Reengineering exercise and define a TO BEmodel before the ERP system implementation. This led to mismatches between the proposed model and the ERP functionality, the consequence of which was customizations, extended implementation time frames, higher costs and loss of user confidence.ERP SystemsThe Future The Internet represents the next major technology enabler which allows rapid supply chain management between multiple operations and trading partners. Most ERP systems are enhancing their products to bee Internet Enabled so that customers worldwide can have direct to the supplier39。s. The efficiency of an enterprise depends on the quick flow of information across the plete supply chain . from the customer to manufacturers to supplier. This places demands on the ERP system to have rich functionality across all areas like sales, accounts receivable, engineering, planning, inventory management, production, purchase, accounts payable, quality management, distribution planning and external transportation. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is an important tool in speeding up munications with trading partners. More and more panies are being global and focusing on downsizing and decentralizing their business. ABB and Northern Tele are examples of panies which have business spread around the globe. For these panies to manage their business efficiently, ERP systems need to have extensive multisite management capabilities. The plete financial accounting and management accounting requirementsof the organization should be addressed. It is necessary to have centralized or decentralized accounting functions with plete flexibility to consolidate corporate information. Aftersales service should be streamlined and managed efficiently. A strong EIS (Enterprise Information System) with extensive drill down capabilities should be available for the top management to get a birds eye view of the health of their organization and help them to analyze performan