【正文】 logic control is pretty amazing. It lets novices build control systems that work in places where even the best mathematicians and engineers, using conventional approaches to control, cannot define and solve the problem. A control system is an electronic or mechanical system that causes the output of the controlled system to automatically remain at some desired output (the set point) set by the operator. The thermostat on your air conditioner is a control system. Your car39。If you did not look out the window at things flashing by, you would hardly know you had started and were in motion.In the United States, fuzzy logic control is gaining popularity, but is not as widely used as in Japan, where it is a multimillion dollar industry. Human helicopter pilots cannot do that. As you can see, the speed approached the desired value very quickly, did not overshoot and remained stable. It was an exciting and important moment in the history of scientific development. The Mamdani project made use of four inputs: boiler pressure error (how many temperature degrees away from the set point), rate of change of boiler pressure error, engine speed error and rate of change of engine speed error. There were two outputs: control of heat to the boiler and control of the throttle. They operated independently. A fuzzy logic system does not have to include a continuous feedback control loop as in the above described Mamdani system in order to be a fuzzylogic system, an impression you might receive from reading much of the fuzzy logic literature. There could be continuous feedback loop control, a bination of feedback loop control and onoff control or onoff control alone. A fuzzy logic control system could be as simple as: If the motor temperature feels like it is too hot, turn the motor off and leave it off.s First Fuzzy Logic Controller，In England in 1973 at the University of London, a professor and student were trying to stabilize the speed of a small steam engine the student had built. They had a lot going for them, sophisticated equipment like a PDP8 miniputer and conventional digital control equipment. But, they could not control the engine as well as they wanted. Engine speed would either overshoot the target speed and arrive at the target speed after a series of oscillations, or the speed control would be too sluggish, taking too long for the speed to arrive at the desired setting, The professor, E. Mamdani, had read of a control method proposed by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh, head of the electrical engineering department at the University of California at Berkeley, in the United States. Dr. Zadeh is the originator of the designation fuzzy, which everyone suspects was selected to throw a little pie in the face of his more orthodox engineering colleagues, some of whom strongly opposed the fuzzy logic concept under any name.Professor Mamdani and the student, S. Assilian, decided to give fuzzy logic a try. The discussion so far does not adequately prepare us for reading and understanding most books and articles about fuzzy logic, because of the terminology used by sophisticated authors. Following are explanations of some terms which should help in this regard. This terminology was initially established by Dr. Zadeh when he originated the fuzzy logic concept. security conditions。 financial and economic decisions。 Human beings have the ability to take in and evaluate all sorts of information from the physical world they are in contact with and to mentally analyze, average and summarize all this input data into an optimum course of action. All living things do this, but humans do it more and do it better and have bee the dominant species of the planet. This book is being written so Just Plain Folks can understand the concept of fuzzy logic sufficiently to utilize it, or to at least determine if they need to dig deeply into the subject in the great quantity of . level literature existing on the subject. This book is a guide, so you can do something with fuzzy logic, even if you are not a . specializing in the field or an advanced digital systems electronics engineer. It should be noted there is controversy and criticism regarding fuzzy logic. One must read various sides of the controversy and reach their own conclusion. Personally, the author, who has been both praised and reviled for his writings regarding fuzzy logic, feels the critics are too rigid in their grasp of the universe and just do not get it. But, do not take my word for it. You must look at all sides and make up your own mind. The paragraphs directly below say in a few short words, what fuzzy logic is. But, reading much of the rest of this book and other publications on the subject will be helpful for a fuller understanding. 在技術(shù)的世界中一些最好的思想家試著解釋模糊邏輯為什么工作。也許你操作一個(gè)天然氣壓縮物，因?yàn)橐恍┕ぞ呖偸怯砍瞿鞘艿皆谥系挠绊懚冶?而且你需要有壓縮物自動(dòng)地為了要低下地停留在線上而且保存吸強(qiáng)迫拿最適宜的制造,調(diào)整。在工業(yè)中讀關(guān)于模糊邏輯控制應(yīng)用的有關(guān)方面，突出的重要點(diǎn)之一是: 因?yàn)樗坦こ贪l(fā)展的時(shí)間，所以模糊邏輯被用。這是非常重要的一點(diǎn)。(當(dāng)將會(huì)在下面被見(jiàn)到之時(shí), 回應(yīng)使控制成環(huán)哪里被牽涉,圖解式三角形的使用能幫助看得見(jiàn)而且計(jì)算這個(gè)輸入 輸出的行動(dòng))。為了要產(chǎn)生一部被建立模糊邏輯控制系統(tǒng)的個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)，我們：1)決定輸入。1 高和如果然后我的計(jì)劃陳述告訴我有二個(gè)高的人和一個(gè)矮人。計(jì)算機(jī)類比輸入測(cè)量的結(jié)果說(shuō),雨水是我的計(jì)劃112度和“如果 然后”：我見(jiàn)到二個(gè)高的人和一個(gè)短的。模糊邏輯控制輸入人類和被建立模糊邏輯機(jī)器控制的計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)像人類的模糊邏輯控制,但是當(dāng)計(jì)算機(jī)的輸入性質(zhì)被考慮的時(shí)候有一種不同的特性。一個(gè)英特網(wǎng)搜尋引擎歸還超過(guò)16,000 頁(yè)，當(dāng)你搜尋的時(shí)候在模糊+邏輯。而這是人類直升飛機(jī)飛行員無(wú)法作到的。在你空調(diào)里面的溫度檢測(cè)器是一個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)。模糊邏輯的進(jìn)步，從一開(kāi)始，模糊系統(tǒng)就是在不斷應(yīng)用和重要性中發(fā)展起來(lái)的，現(xiàn)在，這已經(jīng)是應(yīng)用廣泛的概念。在計(jì)算機(jī)中輸入了各個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)某绦?，那么模糊邏輯控制器就可以進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)和控制各種輸入。模糊邏輯系統(tǒng)無(wú)須變成一個(gè)電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)。要想制造一個(gè)模糊系統(tǒng)，我們無(wú)須上述瑪達(dá)尼教授的模糊控制系統(tǒng)中的持續(xù)反饋系統(tǒng)。這是科學(xué)發(fā)展歷史上一個(gè)令人興奮并且重要的時(shí)刻。并且載入了歷史。那就意味著達(dá)到了電氣工程領(lǐng)域的頂尖。世界上的第一個(gè)模糊邏輯控制器。討論范圍—拿女人當(dāng)例子，如果我們談到女人，那么各個(gè)地方的女人都成了我們談?wù)摰膶?duì)象。比如：非?？?，極慢等。這些詞就具有模糊多樣化。操縱這些并最終變成人們可以執(zhí)行的輸出是人類大腦的特有功能。摘要信息—人們處理信息不是基于開(kāi)關(guān)的兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)，而是基于模糊概念的。在一個(gè)模糊控制系統(tǒng)中，模糊集是以下列方法進(jìn)行的。模糊集合—模糊集合幾乎存在于任何場(chǎng)合，比如：高的，矮的，速度快，慢等。不如你有一個(gè)這樣的規(guī)則：如果氣壓上升到600P，那么關(guān)掉一切設(shè)備。模糊—系統(tǒng)分析可以精確區(qū)分的模糊的程度。至今的爭(zhēng)論并沒(méi)有使我們適應(yīng)和理解模糊邏輯的大部分書(shū)籍和論文。這是地球上智能生命里的一個(gè)里程碑：在宇宙任何地方出現(xiàn)的智能生命，都可能應(yīng)用到模糊邏輯。沒(méi)有了個(gè)人電腦的速度，就很難運(yùn)用人力控制機(jī)器以及具有足夠的持久力去控制機(jī)器。模糊邏輯分析和控制的部件包括：物理控制，比如機(jī)器速度或者操作一個(gè)元件；經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)政決策；心理情景；安全狀態(tài)以及其他一些改善產(chǎn)品的眾多例子。模糊邏輯利用人們的一般思維；這種一般思維對(duì)一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)合情合理，并且對(duì)一個(gè)曾有人控制的系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，它又能顯示出很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。你可以看出